Ruilong Li^1,2*, Dezhi Guo^1,2*, Tianying Li^1,2, Panpan Hu^1,3, Tianying Xu¹

¹Department of Anesthetic Pharmacology, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ³National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

* The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Tianying Xu, Department of Anesthetic Pharmacology, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 021 81872029, E-mail: xutianying@smmu.edu.cn; Panpan Hu, Department of Anesthetic Pharmacology, School of Anesthesiology, National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai  200433, China. Tel: +86 021 81872029, E-mail: hpp510@smmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Basic Medical Research Fund of Naval Medical University (2023QN034). The authors would like to thank all the guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/313377zqjuff

Received January 23, 2024; Accepted April 29, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● Patients with heatstroke often suffer from multiple organ dysfunction and have a high fatality rate. 

● The molecular mechanisms underlying multiple organ damage in heatstroke are complex. 

● This review outlines the manifestations of multiple organ dysfunction caused by heatstroke and explores the possible molecular mechanisms involved.

Ziwei Xia^1,2, Guangkuo Ma^1,2, Huanjia Xue^1,2, Hui Wu^1,2, Liwei Wang^1,2, Kai Wang^1,2

¹Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China.

Address correspondence to: Kai Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China. Tel: +86-18112012729; E-mail: wangkaistream99@sina.com or 760020230115@xzhmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology of Xuzhou Central Hospital. The authors would like to thank all the guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/768941essmpc

Received January 25, 2024; Accepted April 2, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● In the realm of forearm, wrist, and hand surgeries, ultrasound-guided forearm selective nerve block techniques offer distinct advantages over alternative methods such as Bier's block, brachial plexus block, and wrist block. These advantages include reduced anesthesia-related time, prolonged duration of analgesia, and minimal inter-ference with upper extremity motor function. 

● Ultrasound-guided forearm selective nerve block stands as a straightforward and conducive anesthesia method ideally suited for distal upper limb surgeries. This approach harmonizes seamlessly with the principles of fast surgical recovery and enhances patient comfort during both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. 

● Supplementation of dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone in ultrasound-guided selective nerve blocks of the forearm has been shown to significantly prolong the duration of analgesia.

Xiaolei Cai^1*, Qi Sun^2*, Cen Qiu^2*, Zhenyu Xie¹, Jiahao He², Mengting Tu³, Xinran Zhang², Yang Liu², Zhaojun Tan², Yutong Xie², Xixuan He¹, Yujing Ren¹, Chunhong Xue¹, Siqi Wang², Linrong Yuan², Miao Yu², Xuelin Cheng⁴, Xiaopan Li⁴, Sunfang Jiang⁴, Huirong Zhu¹

¹Tangqiao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200127, China. ²Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China. ³Shanghai DianJi University, Shanghai 201306, China. ⁴Health Man-agement Center, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Sunfang Jiang, Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Gate 5 East Campus, No. 179 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China. Email: jiang.sunfang@zs-hospital.sh.cn. Huirong Zhu, Tangqiao Community Health Service Center, No.131 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200127, China. Email: rachel1022@126.com.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/568091unpkqk

Received May 11, 2024; Accepted July 16, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

●This study collected three years of physical examination data from older adults in the Tangqiao community of Shanghai, which is more regionally representative.

●The most suitable model for this study was selected from six machine learning models to construct a fatty liver risk prediction model for the elderly.

●This study combines six feature selection algorithms with varying performance to screen the features most rele vant to fatty liver.

Mingling Wang^1*, Gaolei Jia^2*, Kai Wang³, Haifeng Zhuang⁴, Li Ma², Ping Wang⁴ 

¹Department of Operating Room, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China. ²Department of Thyroid, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China. ⁴Department of Nursing, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China. 

*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Ping Wang, Department of Nursing, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou 221009, China. Tel: +86-18952172176; Fax: 0086-0516-83956203;  E-mail: wangkaistream99@xzhmu.edu.cn. Li Ma, Department of Thyroid, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou 221009, China. Tel: +86-18112023690; E-mail: 675694863@ qq.com.

Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by a grant from the Xuzhou City Science and Technology Project (KC22156). We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing this manuscript.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/031494xruanc

Received May 17, 2024; Accepted August 9, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● A novel modified retracting arm for transaxillary endoscopic thyroid surgery was designed. 

● The modified hook better exposed and protected the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.

● The modified retracting arm achieved better visual analog scale and cosmetic scores.

Yifei Bai, Rongguo Yan, Yuqing Yang, Chengang Mao

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/846307fkxccq

Received April 12, 2024; Accepted July 11, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

●The study evaluated five machine learning algorithms in analyzing urinary non-formed components. Among them, the Random Forests model demonstrated the highest accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, suggesting its effectiveness in analyzing urinary non-formed components.

●A technological innovation is introduced for home urinalysis, offering the potential to enhance medical efficiency and patient experience.

Yan Liao^1*, Zhanheng Chen^1*,Wangzheqi Zhang^1*, Lindong Cheng² , Yanchen Lin² , Ping Li³ , Miao Zhou⁴ ,  Mi Li¹ , ChunHua Liao¹ 

¹School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China. ³Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China. 

* The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Miao Zhou, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China. E-mail: zhoumiao2613@163.com; Tel: +86  18217567295. Mi Li, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: limi@smmu.edu.cn; Tel: +86-21-81872033. Chunhua Liao, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District. Shanghai  200433, China. E-mail: Liaochh7@smmu.edu.cn; Tel: +86 21 81872025.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62002297, 62073225, and 61836005, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under Grant 20XD1434400, talent Development Fund of Shanghai under Grant 2020075, Medical-Engineering Cross Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University under Grant YG2022QN043, and the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project under Grant 2021AC19394. The authors would like to thank all the guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/275419wdddvs

Received February 21, 2024; Accepted March 25, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● Artificial intelligence (AI) is lauded for its capacity to resolve intricate problems with unwavering efficiency, devoid of fatigue. To elucidate the potential of AI in perioperative pain management, we have meticulously surveyed a vast array of scholarly works to discern the landscape of research in this multifaceted domain. 

● Conventional perioperative pain studies have primarily confined their scope to clinical aspects. However, this review delves into the amalgamation of AI and perioperative pain, heralding a diverse methodology for pain control. 

● AI's applicability in medical domains, particularly anesthesia, has spawned numerous inquiries into its synergy  with perioperative pain. Yet, a dearth of comprehensive reviews encapsulating the current research milieu, pin  pointing hurdles, and envisioning future directions in this sphere necessitated the present discourse. 

● We herein offer horizontal and vertical assessments of diverse models and algorithms employed in periopera  tive pain management, encapsulated in diagrammatic form for reader accessibility. The compilation of this review draws from a spectrum of online scholarly repositories, thus ensuring a thorough and relevant assembly of insights.

Yichun Shen¹, Shuyi Wang¹, Yuhan Shen¹, Hua Xing²

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.

Address correspondence to: Shuyi Wang, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: wangshuyi@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/721472czacxf

Received April 12, 2024; Accepted July 11, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● Machine learning can enhance the individualization of treatment in Chinese massage.

● An intelligent system improves the efficiency of Traditional Chinese Medicine massage therapy.

● The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Massage Therapy with machine learning represents a new trend in future healthcare.

Mengying Zhan, Jiahao Zhang, Yuqiu Zhou, Qijun Xie, Fangfang Luo, Yu Zhou 

School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai  200093, China. 

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of  Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86- 18021042556. E-mail: zhouyu@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/650204jodubt 

Received January 29, 2024; Accepted March 25, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● The effect of electrode-tissue contact force on the efficacy and safety of ablation of atrial fibrillation was reviewed  in detail.

● The existing contact force sensing catheters on the market are compared and introduced.

● Three impedance-related methods for assessing catheter adherence are introduced.

Weiwei Fan, Lin Mao, Bojun Liu, Chengli Song

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Lin Mao, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55572159. E-mail: linmao@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/883654uegazz

Received March 21, 2024; Accepted June 5, 2024; Published September 30, 2024

Highlights

● A V-shaped vascular clamp featuring a locking mechanism and transverse teeth has been developed.

● Comparative analysis of clamps with various inner diameters reveals optimal closure with specific configurations.

● The designed clamp presents superior stress-strain response, robust clamping force, and consistent corrosion resistance.

Yangmengna Gao^1,2, Ran Yuan^1,2, Kecheng Zhai^1,2, Hui Su^1,2, Renke Sun^1,2, Shangping Fang^1,2 

¹School of Anesthesiology, ²Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. 

Address correspondence to: Shangping Fang, Anaesthesiology Experimental Training Center, College of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. Tel:+86-19855362767. E-mail: 20180041@wnmc.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: Key Project Research Fund of Wannan Medical College (WK2022Z10); National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (202310368016); Anhui Province College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (S202210368107, S202210368108); Student Research Funding Project of Wannan Medical College (WK2023XS10).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/076009mwdtns

Received January 25, 2024; Accepted March 19, 2024; Published Jane 30, 2024

Highlights 

● Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) promotes the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and enhances barrier function. 

● S1PR3 is a promising target for clinical treatment of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, cardiac fibrosis and atherosclerosis. 

● Fingolimod and other modulators of S1PR3 have shown therapeutic efficacy in phase I and II clinical trials for cardiovascular diseases. 

● S1PR3 play crucial roles in the perioperative evaluation and treatment of the cardiovascular system, as well as in sepsis.

Tingting Shi, Rongguo Yan, Xinrui Gui, Ruoyu Song

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093,  China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health Science  and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu, Shanghai  200093, China. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/579429fwpcmo

Received December 29, 2023; Accepted April 10, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights

● This review introduces the basic principles and features of photoacoustic imaging technology.

● This review illustrates the application of photoacoustic imaging in the study of brain diseases.

Binyu Wang, Tiantian Hu, Jiuzhou Zhao, Jincheng Xu, Banghong Chen, Yicheng Liu, Yu Zhou

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Changbai New Village Street, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18021042556. E-mail: zhouyu@usst.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: None.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/758818obsmms

Received January 17 2024; Accepted February 7, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights

● Pulsed field ablation (PFA) demonstrates superior efficacy atrial fibrillation than traditional methods.

● Enhanced safety profile of PFA reduces complications in adjacent tissue damage.

● Optimized outcomes depends on key PFA parameters such as voltage, pulse width, and frequency.

Dandan Gu, Ruiyan Qian, Danni Rui, Difang Liu, Haitao Yao, Yifan Yang, Yu Zhou

School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai  200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18021042556. E-mail: zhouyu@usst. edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/585036wxisob

Received December 4, 2023; Accepted January 8, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights:

● Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) represents an advancement in RF ablation, enhancing treatment safety and efficacy through electrode cooling. 

● CRFA principles, electrode cooling methods, efficacy evaluation, and an overview of major CRFA devices available on the market are comprehensively analyzed. 

● The clinical advancements in applying CRFA technology indicate its feasibility and safety as a viable treatment modality.

Wentao Quan¹ , Youguo Hao² , Xudong Guo¹ , Peng Wang¹ , Yukai Zhong³ 

¹ School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093,  China. ² Putuo District People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200060, China. ³ Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai  200082, China.

Address correspondence to: Youguo Hao, Putuo District People’s Hospital, No.1291 Jiangning Road, Putuo,  Shanghai 200060, China. Email: youguohao6@163.com.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Shanghai Science  and Technology Commission (22S31902200).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/016816myowlr

Received December 17, 2023; Accepted January 15, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights

● The detailed steps of spike sorting algorithm and the different algorithms used in each step are summarized. 

● The advantages and disadvantages of each step of spike sorting algorithm are compared. 

● The detailed application of deep learning technology in spike sorting is introduced.

Zine Ghemari

Electrical Engineering Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, 28000, Algeria

Address correspondence to: Zine Ghemari, Electrical Engineering Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, P.O. Box 166, Ichbilya - M’Sila 28000, Algeria. E-mail: ghemari-zine@live.fr.

Acknowledgement: None.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/871852usmbep

Received February 11, 2024; Accepted May 6, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights

● The article provides an overview of vibration sensors and their use in medical applications.

● Vibration sensors are used to monitor human movement, such as gait analysis and they can provide valuable data for assessing mobility, balance, and detecting abnormalities in movement patterns.

● The article explores how vibration sensors are integrated into wearable health devices, and these devices can monitor vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and sleep quality, providing continuous health monitoring

Chenglong Zhu^1,3*, Miao Zhou^1,4*, Yongchu Hu², Wenyun Xu², Zui Zou^1,2

¹School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ³Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China. 

*The authors have contributed equally to this work. 

Address correspondence to: Zui Zou, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China. Email: zouzui@smmu.edu.cn. Wenyun Xu, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200003, China. Email: xuwenyun@ smmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670072), the Shanghai Municipal Committee of Science and Technology (20XD1434400) and Special Project on Incubation of Civil-Military Integration Achievements of the Naval Medical University (2022-RH10). Declaration of conflict of interest: None. 

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry approved this study (ChiCTR2200060783). All procedures and research activities performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. Consent was obtained from a legally authorized representative. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/109678mkmeds

Received November 29, 2023; Accepted January 16, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights 

● SEEK^flex (Safe Easy Endotracheal Kit-flexible) is a modified introducer, which provides a simple and rapid way for intubating patients with laryngeal tumors. 

● With its non-invasive and gentle approach, SEEK^flex minimizes patient discomfort, enhancing the overall patient experience. 

● Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope remains the most frequently used tool for managing difficult airways.

Ziyue Li¹, Bailong Hu², Xiaohua Zou²

¹College of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004, China. 

Address correspondence to: Bailong Hu, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, NO. 28 Guiyi Street, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China. Phone number: +86-15185184309; E-mail: hubailong@gmc.edu.cn. Xiaohua Zou, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, NO. 28 Guiyi Street, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China. Tel: +86-13809416036; Fax: +86-851-86771013; E-mail: zouxiaohuazxh@gmc.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82160951, 82160224), the project of Guiyang Science and Technology Plan (zhukehe[2024]-2-27), the Cultivate project 2021 for National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (gyfynsfc-2021-35, gyfynsfc-2021-49).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/434706ysltap

Received December 5, 2023; Accepted February 4, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights 

Currently, ischemic heart disease ranks as the most prevalent form of primary heart disease. The risk of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, along with its associated mortality, is notably rising among perioperative patients. Recognizing the underlying mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and identifying suitable treatments are crucial. Inhibitors targeting the key molecules involved in pyroptosis hold promise as potential therapeutic options for managing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Huanjia Xue^1,3, Shengze Yang^2,3, Guangkuo Ma^1,3, Ziwei Xia^1,3, Liwei Wang^1,3, Kai Wang ^1,3

¹Xuzhou Clinical College, ²School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China.

Address correspondence to: Kai Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China. Tel: 18112012729. E-mail: wangkaistream99@ xzhmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by Young Scientist Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700078) and Xuzhou Medical Key Talents program (XWRCHT20220051).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/601268tfpowt

Received November 5, 2023; Accepted January 30, 2024; Published June 30, 2024

Highlights

● Foot and ankle arthroscopic techniques are vital for diagnosing and treating foot and ankle disorders.

● Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks in the foot and ankle provide precise nerve selection.

Wen-Hui Guo^1,*, Qing-Lai Zang^2,*, Bing Xu¹, Tian-Ying Xu¹, Zhan-Heng Chen¹, Miao Zhou³

¹School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.

^*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Zhan-Heng Chen, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 21 81872034. E-mail: chenzhanheng17@mails.ucas.ac.cn; Miao Zhou, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China. Tel: +86 18217567295. E-mail: zhoumiao@jszlyy.com.cn.

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62002297, 62073225, and 61836005), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20XD1434400), the Talent Development Fund of Shanghai (2020075), the Medical-Engineering Cross Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2022QN043), and the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project (2021AC19394). The authors would like to thank all the guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/536468bkwzzn

Received July 21, 2023; Accepted November 15, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights

● This review introduces the core concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) and describes the most commonly encountered computerized functioning of AI in anesthesiology.

● This survey systematically presents the main clinical applications of AI in anesthesia and perioperative medicine according to the perioperative phases.

● The advantages and disadvantages of introducing AI into the medical field are also discussed to explore the career development direction of anesthesiologists in the future.

Siyan Liu^1,*, Guihua Wu^2,*, Changjiang Zhou^2,#, Shiju Yan^1,#, Haipo Cui¹ 

¹School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Department of Sonography, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271100, Shandong, China. 

^*The authors contribute equally. 

^#Address correspondence to: Changjiang Zhou, Department of Sonography, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Changshao North Road, Laiwu District, Jinan 271100, China. E-mail: 390585866@ qq.com/jnsrmyybgs@jn.shandong.cn. Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18217617984. E-mail: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/295735bbiagx

Received September 22, 2023; Accepted December 6, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

Computer-assisted detection, diagnosis, and prediction systems have played an effective role in diagnosing and treating female breast diseases and monitoring the course of disease. Especially in mammography imaging, they provide key support for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This highlights the significance of modern technology in enhancing breast disease management and improving women's health.

¹School of Anesthesiology, ²Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China. ³School of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthetic Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

Address correspondence to: Shangping Fang, Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang West Road, Lugang Street, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. Tel: 19855362767; E-mail: 20180041@wnmc.edc.cn.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Key Project Research Fund of Wannan Medical College (WK2022Z10) and Research Grant for College Students of Wannan Medical College (WK2022XS26). 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/270899wnwlnz 

Received September 17, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● The approaches of antioxidant therapy to alleviate sepsis-associated liver injury are summarized from the per spective of oxidative stress in different cells of the liver. 

● Reactive oxygen species, one of the main substances that induce oxidative stress, affects the molecular mecha nism of the relevant signaling pathways. 

 ● Antioxidant therapy is helpful for the recovery of various liver cells in sepsis-associated liver injury and is expect- ed to advance basic and clinical research.

Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda^1,2, Christopher Etherton-Beer^1,2, Leon Flicker<sup>1,2

1</sup>Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. ²School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.

Address correspondence to: Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda, Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. Phone: +61 8 9224 2244; Email: Mayura.Iddagoda@ health.wa.gov.au.

Acknowledgement: Royal Australasian College of Physicians (Research Entry Scholarship).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/956852bomilz

Received October 23, 2023; Accepted November 21, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights
● Iron deffciency is the commonest cause for anaemia in patients undergoing surgeries, and this review summarizes its implications.

● Intravenous iron is a better treatment option for iron deffciency than other iron preparations.
● Body iron metabolism is a complex process, and evidence is confficting on iron supplementation in surgical patients.
● Intravenous iron replacement, as a part of patient blood management, has shown benefft in perioperative anaemia.

Xue Cai, Lin Mao, Junjie Shen, Yujie Zhou, Chengli Song 

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 20093, China 

Address correspondence to: Lin Mao, Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Email: linmao@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/390527zficik

Received February 15, 2024; Accepted February 28, 2024; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● Biodegradable staples have the high biodegradability, good mechanical, and biocompatibility properties. 

● The mechanical properties of biodegradable staples can be adjusted by structure optimizations. 

● Biodegradable will be widely used in gastrointestinal anastomosis.

Guangkuo Ma^1,2, Ziwei Xia^1,2, Huanjia Xue^1,2, Hui Wu1,2, Congyou Wu², Liwei Wang^1,2, Kai Wang<sup>1,2

1</sup>Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.

Address correspondence to: Kai Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China. Tel: 18112012729. E-mail: wangkaistream99@ xzhmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology of Xuzhou Central Hospital. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/526064kphcum

Received November 1, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights
● Maintaining anesthesia depth within speciffc ranges, as indicated by electroencephalography monitors, may reduce the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
● Quantitative analysis of electroencephalography data can provide insights into the characteristics of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, aiding in its early detection and diagnosis.
● Combining electroencephalography with functional magnetic resonance imaging may enhance the assessment of brain function and improve the accuracy of monitoring devices.

Walid Mohamedi 

National School of Applied Sciences, Cady Ayaed University, Morroco 

Address correspondence to: Walid Mohamedi, National School of Applied Sciences, Cady Ayaed University, Morroco, Av Abdelkrim Khattabi, B.P. 511– 40000, Marrakech 4000, Morocco, E-mail: faouz111111@yahoo.fr.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/581835yrfifv 

Received November 15, 2023; Accepted January 30, 2024; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● The application of vibration analysis in medical diagnosis offers a diverse range of benefits, from non-invasive diagnostics to early detection and continuous monitoring of various health conditions. 

● As technology continues to advance, the integration of vibration analysis into medical practices holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes.

宋振举，顾建英，白春学 * 

复旦大学附属中山医院，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 宋振举, 博士, 主任医师. E-mail: song.zhenju@zs-hospital.sh.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-15 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28 

［基金项目］ 上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项 （JKKPYC-2023-A20），上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划 （20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划 （21DZ2200600）， 上海市市级科技重大专项 （ZD2021CY001）， 上海市临床重点专科建设项目 （shslczdzk02201）. Supported by Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201).

伦理声明    无。 

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    宋振举：撰写论文；顾建英：修改论文；白春学：论文选题、修改。

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.61189/578055kpdxhd

Hongrui Wang, Jiuzhou Zhao, Yu Zhou 

School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. 

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18021042556. E-mail: zhouyu@usst. edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/620211pybxcq 

Received November 28, 2023; Accepted January 8, 2024; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● Proper parameter settings and mode selection are vital to minimize postoperative complications. 

● Third Space Endoscopy offers innovative avenues beyond traditional methods for minimally invasive interventions.

Zine Ghemari 

Electrical Engineering Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, 28000, Algeria 

Address correspondence to: Zine Ghemari, Electrical Engineering Department, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, P.O. Box 166, Ichbilya, M’Sila 28000, Algeria. E-mail: ghemari-zine@live.fr.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/871955jstyqr

Received December 20, 2023; Accepted February 27, 2024; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● The study explores how forced-damped vibrations can be applied in various medical contexts. This may include using vibrations for medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI, where vibrations are applied to the body to generate images of internal structures. 

● Vibrations can also be utilized for tissue characterization, diagnosis of medical conditions, and therapeutic interventions such as vibration therapy for rehabilitation or pain management.

白春学 * 

复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 白春学， 博士，教授，主任医师. 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990， E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-02-08 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

［基金项目］ 上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项 （JKKPYC-2023-A20），上 海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划 （20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划 （21DZ2200600）， 上海市市级科技重大专项 （ZD2021CY001）， 上海市临床重点专科建设项目 （shslczdzk02201）. Supported by Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201).

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    白春学：论文选题、撰写、修改。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/254340fowzza

Yanchen Lin¹, Jing Huang², Ying Zhang¹, Houfeng Li¹, Huixiu Hu¹, Li Tan³

¹Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China. ²Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.

Address correspondence to: Li Tan, Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China. E-mail: tanlihh@163.com.

Received August 24, 2023; Accepted September 7, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/377184mkfywu

Highlights

● The measurement of central venous pressure in patients diagnosed with septic shock does not yield prognostic improvements.

● Central venous pressure measurement in patients with septic shock is associated with prolonged ICU stay. 

● Central venous pressure measurement is not advised for patients diagnosed with septic shock.  

Jinjing Wu^1,*, Yang Yuan^2,*, Long Liu¹, Haipo Cui¹, Tianying Xu³, Miao Zhou⁴, Zhanheng Chen³, Bing Xu³

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China. ³School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China. 

^*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Haipo Cui, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: h_b_cui@163.com, Tel: +86-21-55271290; Bing Xu, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: mzxubing1992@163.com, Tel: +86-21-81872030; Zhanheng Chen, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: chenzhanheng17@mails.ucas.ac.cn, Tel: +86 21 81872034. 

Received July 19, 2023; Accepted September 6, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/663074tcakcn

Highlights

● Medical endoscopic images can provide doctors with more accurate, visualized, and three-dimensional views of various internal tissues.

● Image processing techniques such as image denoising, image deblurring, image enhancement, and image segmentation can improve the imaging quality of endoscopes.

Long Liu¹, Xiaobo Zhu³, Jinjing Wu¹, Qianyuan Hu¹, Haipo Cui¹, Zhanheng Chen², Tianying Xu²

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ³College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.

Address correspondence to: Haipo Cui, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55271290, E-mail: h_b_cui@163.com; Zhanheng Chen, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 21 81872034, E-mail: chenzhanheng17@mails.ucas.ac.cn; Tianying Xu, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 21 81872029, E-mail: xty7910@163.com.

Received July 19, 2023; Accepted September 7, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/803479emewvv

Highlights

● The development history of convolutional neural networks and the transition to graph convolutional networks are introduced, as well as the evolution of network layers.

● Graph convolutional networks have been widely demonstrated to be applicable in various perioperative medical image processing scenarios.

● This is the first comprehensive review of the applications of graph convolutional networks in image segmentation, image reconstruction, disease prediction, lesion detection and localization, disease classification and diagnosis, and surgical interventions.

张纪阳 ¹，于佳婕 ¹，周宸彬 ¹，谭 彬 ²，顾建英 ¹* 

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院信息与智能发展部，上海 200032

2. 上海联影智元医疗科技有限公司，上海 201815

［作者简介］ 张纪阳, 博士, 副教授. E-mail: zhang.jiyang@zs-hospital.sh.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990. E-mail: Gu.jianying@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-02-25 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28 

伦理声明    无。 

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    张纪阳：论文选题、撰写、修改；于佳婕：修 改、文献资料整理；周宸彬：修改、文献资料整理；谭彬：技术 架构部分的整理和撰写；顾建英：整体架构、撰写思路设计。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/801555ghtmes

Lize Xiong

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for An-esthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.

Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/064156dduwdo

Jiaqi Jiang¹, Haipo Cui¹, Fang Geng², Xudong Guo¹

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Medtronic China Research and Development Center, Shanghai 200100, China

Address correspondence to: Haipo Cui, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55271290. E-mail: h_b_cui@163.com.

Received March 13, 2023; Accepted August 29, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/264742zadfwq

Hightlights

● Material and mechanical structures of absorbable vascular clips affect its hemostatic efficiency.

● The tooth shape, tail end, and closure of vascular clips are the main direction of mechanical structure improvement.

● The coating of the vascular clips can regulate the degradation rate and improve hemostatic efficiency.

● Reasonable mechanical properties and degradation rate are the main development direction for absorbable vas cular clips.

Qianfeng Xu, Rongguo Yan, Weifeng Wu, Yongqian Zhang

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.334, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Email: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

Received April 3, 2023; Accepted August 25, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/494562hpikfi

Highlights

This review presents four urinalysis methods, the naked-eye method, the integrating sphere method, the color sensor method and the image sensor method, based on color recognition technology, and discusses the techniques of each method. 

Zhezhe Fan¹, Zhanheng Chen², Saluj Dev Luitel^3,4, Bing Xu²

¹College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ³Foreign Training Group, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁴College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.

Address correspondence to: Bing Xu, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 21 81872030. E-mail: mzxubing1992@163.com.

Received February 27, 2023; Accepted March 31, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/298294zwziab

Highlights

● Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization can effectively improve the success rate of first-time puncture and reduce the total puncture time and the incidence of complications.

● Ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization methods should be selected based on the specific characteristics of individual patients.

Haipo Cui

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/530844gerhbl

Qi Zhang, Haipo Cui, Yan Zhang, Hexuan Jiang

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Haipo Cui, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55271290. E-mail: h_b_cui@163.com.

Received February 5, 2023; Accepted September 11, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/031576vfjfax

Highlights

● Plastic stents are more suitable for diseases such as benign bile duct stenosis.

● Metal-uncoated biliary stents are available for patients with malignant biliary obstruction.

● Degradability of biliary stents is a major research direction at present.

Ping Li¹, Lindong Cheng², Chunhua Liao³, Jianhua Xia⁴, Li Tan⁵

¹Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Anhui 241000, China. ²Graduate School, Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ³School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁵Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.

Address correspondence to: Li Tan, Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing 400030, China. E-mail: tanlihh@163.com.

Received July 18, 2023; Accepted September 11, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/550782gbbqxs

Highlights

● Risk of invasive candida infection and its related mortality are increasing significantly in perioperative patients.

● C-type lectin receptors are the primary pattern-recognition receptors for fungi-induced host defense and innate immune activation.

● Protein post-translational modifications are one of the core factors in host innate immune regulation.

● Post-translational modifications sites on proteins are anticipated to serve as potential targets for modulating anti-fungal immunity.

Yongqian Zhang, Weifeng  Wu, Qianfeng Xu, Yunsheng Zhong, Rongguo Yan

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn. 

Received December 26, 2022; Accepted April 6, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/373860nqgwfq

Highlights

The paper introduces three commonly used blood cell counting techniques, electrical impedance method, light scattering method and microscopic imaging method based on microfluidic chips, as well as their latest research progress.

Wenwen Zhang, Lin Mao, Zhongxin Hu, WanwenYang, Linying Zhang, Chengli Song

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghaii 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Lin Mao, Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55572159. E-mail: linmao@usst.edu.cn.

Received May 7, 2023; Accepted August 25, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/848897sppwnn

Highlights

● The conductivity of hydrogel can be realized by introducing conductive medium.

● Various properties of hydrogel can be adjusted by changing the proportion of ingredients.

● Electro-conductive hydrogels are widely used in biomedical engineering as biomaterials.

Weifeng Wu, Yongqian Zhang, Qianfeng Xu, Jiuzhou Zhao, Rongguo Yan

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Email: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

Received February 7, 2023; Accepted August 25, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/473511cbaive

Highlights

● Denoising, segmentation, and feature extraction of heart sounds as well as its classification process are reviewed.

● A detailed exposition of diverse deep learning methods for heart sounds classification is presented.

Yi Chen^1,*, Shiju Yan^1,*, Yunhua Xu¹, Linping Gu²

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.

*The authors contribute equally. 

Address correspondence to: Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18956153985, E-mail: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn.

Received April 25, 2023; Accepted August 28, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/145362zgyopx

Highlights

● The mainstream defogging algorithms can be classified into three categories based on their principles: image enhancement-based, physical model-based, and neural network-based. 

● This paper aims to introduce and explore these categories, as well as to provide an outlook on the application and possible future development directions of defogging algorithms.

Tingting Zhou¹, Haozhe Zhuang¹, Shiju Yan¹, Erze Xie¹, Yibo Ma², Tao Zhang¹, Tianxiang Yu¹, Shuang Deng¹ 

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. 2Department of Ultrasound, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China.

Address correspondence to: Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Email: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn; Yibo Ma, Department of Ultrasound, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China. Email: mayibo@czfph.com.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/594641kmfbkw

Highlights

● Automated pleural line identification: A method was introduced to automatically identify pleural lines in lung ultrasound images, ensuring diagnosis speed and accuracy.

● High reliability: An average of 90.45% identification rate of pleural lines was achieved in a comprehensive experiment on 890 ultrasound videos, highlighting its broad applicability and reliability.

● Efficient integration: The algorithm's rapid processing (1.36 seconds for a 5-second video) makes it suitable for seamless integration into ultrasound instrument software, aiding clinicians in diagnosing conditions like pneumo-thorax more efficiently.

Yanchen Lin¹, Ping Li², Jinliang Teng^3,#, Chunhua Liao^4,# 

¹Graduate School, Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ²Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Anhui 241000, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ⁴School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

^#Address correspondence to: Chunhua Liao, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. E-mail: liaochh7@smmu.edu.cn; Jinliang Teng, Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. E-mail: tengjinliang@126. com.

Received April 6, 2023; Accepted May 18, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/595412fcjdhw

Highlights

● Patients are at a high risk of fungal infection during perioperative period. 

● MicroRNAs are involved in inflammatory responses, pyroptosis and autophagy in antifungal immunity. 

● MicroRNAs modulate the activation of Th cells during fungal infection, thereby regulating the adaptive immune response. 

● Differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as fungal infection biomarkers.

徐成喜¹，张健¹，姚佳烽^2*

1. 苏州健通医疗科技有限公司，苏州 215300

2. 南京航空航天大学，南京 210016

［作者简介］ 徐成喜, 博士, 高级工程师. E-mail: charles@kaonter.com

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 17715275835，E-mail: jiaf.yao@nuaa.edu.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-08 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    本研究延用了Qian等^[1]使用的数据集，严格按照数据保护法规处理和存储个人数据。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突

作者贡献    徐成喜：项目负责人，负责研究的概念设计和研究方案的制定、数据分析、论文初稿撰写和稿件审阅。张健：数据分析、论文图表设计、写作和修订。姚佳烽：数据分析、结果解释、论文审阅和校对。

Ruoyu Song¹, Tao Xu², Tingting Shi¹, Xinrui Gui¹, Rongguo Yan¹

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China; ²Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China. 

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China. Tel: 13370260817. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

Received January 5, 2022; Accepted May 7, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/729316upqdwc

Highlights

● An induced current occurs in a conductor as a result of electromagnetic induction. 

● The use of a magnetic field to generate induced current is known as electromagnetic induction, which can be used to detect craniocerebral injury. 

● Induced current electrical impedance tomography, magneto-acoustic tomography, and eddy current damping sensors for imaging and detection are reviewed in the paper.

韦 球 ¹，蒋维芃 ²，杨超勉 ¹，白春学 ²* 

1. 南宁市第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，南宁 530022

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 韦  球, 博士, 副主任医师. E-mail: weiqiu2017@163.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-02-28 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

［基金项目］ 上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项 （JKKPYC-2023-A20）， 上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划 （20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划 （21DZ2200600）， 上海市市级科技重大专项 （ZD2021CY001）， 上海市临床重点专科建设项目 （shslczdzk02201）， 南宁市公立医院高质量发展项目 （南宁市呼吸系统疾病防治体系建设项目）. Supported by Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201), High-quality Development Projects of Public Hospitals in Nanning (Construction of Respiratory Disease Prevention and Control in Nanning).

伦理声明    无。 

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    韦球：论文撰写；蒋维芃：论文修改；杨超勉： 论文修改；白春学：文章选题。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/059703zeipzv

吴静萱 ¹ ，孙梦婷 ^2,3 ，杨达伟 ^2,3,4* 

1. 复旦大学法学院，上海 200438

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032 

4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 吴静萱. E-mail: jingxuanwu22@m.fudan.edu.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990. Email: yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-27  [发表日期]2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。 

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    吴静萱：论文选题、撰写、修改；孙梦婷：论文 修改；杨达伟：整体架构、撰写思路设计。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/139511ivwwme

Yan Zhang, Xudong Guo, Rui Yang, Jun Wang, Haipo Cui 

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Haipo Cui, School of Heath Science and Engineering, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55271290. E-mail: h_b_cui@163.com.

 Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2021SHZDZX), Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Project (No. 2021-cyxt1-kj07), Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (No. 22S31902200), and Cooperation Fund of the Eighth Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (No. SAST2022-094), PR China. 

Received February 18, 2023; Accepted April 13, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/550253gnnvtv

Highlights 

● Distance and position of Kirschner wires influence the stability of tension band wiring. 

● Kirschner wire guiding device can improve the accuracy of Kirschner wire placement. 

● Designing an optimal guide device is the primary development direction to improve the accuracy of Kirschner wire placement.

高承实^*

河南元宇宙数字科技有限公司，郑州 450004

［作者简介］高承实， 博士， 副教授.

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 13838001036, E-mail: 13838001036@163.com

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-16 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献    高承实：选题、撰稿、论文修改。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/887532ewsqmz

张宇鸣 ^{1, 2} ，张培茗 ²， 赵阳光 1 ， 程云章 ²* 

1. 中国信息通信研究院，北京 100191

2. 上海理工大学，上海 200093

［作者简介］ 张宇鸣, 硕士. E-mail: 13901725500@139.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-55572161, E-mail: cyz2008@usst.edu.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-15 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。 

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献    张宇鸣：论文撰写；张培茗：论文修改；赵阳 光：论文修改；程云章：论文选题、修改。

DOI： https://doi.org/10.61189/514682hqcmjf

Lindong Cheng¹, Ping Li², Duy Khanh La^3,4, Zhen Xing^5,#, Chunhua Liao^6,# 

¹Graduate School, Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ²Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Anhui 241000, China. ³Foreign Training Group, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ⁴Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam. ⁵Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. ⁶School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

 ^#Address correspondence to: Chunhua Liao, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: liaochh7@smmu.edu.cn; Zhen Xing, Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, China. E-mail: xingzhen@sina.com.

Received March 19, 2023; Accepted May 16, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/863627autews

Highlights

● Candidiasis is a substantial cause of perioperative mortality in immunocompromised and immunodeficient patients. 

● β-glucan and α-mannan are two major pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the Candida albicans cell walls recognized by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). 

● CLRs, such as Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, as β-glucan and α-mannan receptors, are essentially involved in recogni tion of Candida albicans. 

● CLRs are promising drug targets for treating chronic candidiasis.

Ruiyan Qian, Haixiao Lin, Dandan Gu, Difang Liu, Haitao Yao, Danni Rui, Yu Zhou

School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai  200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18021042556, E-mail: zhouyu_working@163.com.

Received June 8, 2023; Accepted August 28, 2023; Published September 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/780603itrglq

Highlights

● The outcomes derived from simulation and ex vivo experiments exhibit precise control over the range of radiofrequency ablation when employing boundary temperature control. 

● It was observed in this study that a single ablation procedure can achieve an ablation diameter of up to 30 mm. 

● The regular index and elliptic index of the radiofrequency ablation area tend to be a spherical shape, which holds potential benefits for the radiofrequency ablation surgeries.

Yunsheng Zhong¹, Shuyi Wang¹, Li Gong², Hua Xing², Rongguo Yan¹

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; ²Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200041, China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn. 

Received December 30, 2022; Accepted April 20, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/478535cfhrmf

Highlights

In this review, the latest progress of threshold control, proportional control and pattern recognition control based on surface electromyography in lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots are presented.

1. 北部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科，沈阳 110015

2. 安徽栈谷科技有限公司，池州 247100

［作者简介］ 崔岩，副教授、副主任医师.  E-mail： Cyan9010@qq.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 056-62028361,  E-mail: 13838001036@163.com

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-19 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-27  ［发表日期］2024-09-30

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 崔岩：撰写、修改论文；吴海波：修改论文；高承实：选题，修改论文。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/846082rvywxn

张宇鸣¹，白春学^2*

1. 中国信息通信研究院，北京 100191

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸及危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 张宇鸣, 硕士. E-mail: 13901725500@139.com

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［基金项目］ 上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（JKKPYC-2023-A20）， 上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划（20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划（21DZ2200600）， 上海市市级科技重大专项（ZD2021CY001）， 上海市临床重点专科建设项目（shslczdzk02201）. Supported by Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201).

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-15 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献    张宇鸣：论文撰写、修改；白春学：文章选题。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/957409nduxxq

白春学*
复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 白春学，教授、主任医师 .

  * 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-21 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］ 2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 上海市科学技术委员会项目基金（21DZ2200600）. Supported by Fund of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology （21DZ2200600）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 白春学：选题、撰写、修改、定稿。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/145630jgnstt

Lin Mao¹, Hanxiao Xue¹, Zhongxin Hu¹, Zhengyue Zhou¹, Junxian Li¹, Alfred Cuschieri², Chengli Song¹

¹Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, DD21FD, UK.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51901137, No. 51735003) and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No. 18441900200).

Address correspondence to: Chengli Song, Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. Email: csong@usst.edu.cn.

Received March 17, 2023; Accepted May 18, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/716520irvmwh

Highlights

●Three electrodes with the structure of oncave-convex, rail coupled concave-convex, and cross rail coupled concave-convex feature were designed for radiofrequency-induced colonic anastomoses.

●The electrode with concave-convex design produced similar temperature between ‘gap’ and ‘compressed’ areas,whereas the rail coupled concave-convex exhibited the highest temperature at 'gap' and 'compressed' areas.

●The cross rail coupled concave-convex electrode, by tightly occluding upper and lower electrodes, could create uniform compression and temperature variation.

Jie Yu, Shiju Yan, Chengli Song, Haipo Cui

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Address correspondence to: Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18217617984. E-mail: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn. 

Received March 11, 2023; Accepted November 17, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/323428onxlas

Highlights

● Current research on COVID-19 utilizing medical images is categorized into image preprocessing, segmentation, and classification.

● This study provides an in-depth analysis of these categories, as well as provides an outlook on the application and possible future development directions of medical image processing in COVID-19 management.

● Our paper also presents a review of various publicly accessible datasets of COVID-19.

陆俊羽 

重庆市第五人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，重庆 400062

1 背景 

       因为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSA）患病率高，各级学会也越来越重视其诊治。2003年白教授牵头制定了全球第1部物联网辅助OSA诊治的专家共识^[1] 。目前中国呼吸科、神经科、耳鼻喉科、全科、内分泌科、心血管科和儿科等都积极参加了OSA诊疗^[2] ，并制定了不同的共识指南。但是，仍有很多患者得不到及时诊断和治疗。其主要原因是OSA患病率高，专业的睡眠呼吸医学从业者有限， 缺乏强基层广覆盖的医疗模式。白教授近来的研究表明，可通过元宇宙医学平台提高OSA同质化诊疗水平，并组织专家制定了相关专家共识^[2] ，旨在实现 “名元医治未病，元医惠众生”的愿景。 

2 技术创新点 

       为实现上述目标，白教授团队研发了全球首个OSA专病BAIMGPT 1.0，含全球首个赋能OSA评估管理，语音文字交互兼容的咨询系统，赋能问诊、咨询和管理等。该专病数字人GPT可以提高OSA 教育获益率、知晓率、筛查率、咨询解答获益率，并可改善培训获益率。将OSA筛查、初评和数字人咨询普及到一级医院、体检中心，甚至患者家庭，进而大幅度降低延误诊断率，改善防治效果，助力实践健康中国规划的强基层广覆盖愿景^[3-4] 。 

3 发明人及团队简介 

       白春学教授为国际元宇宙医学协会（IAMM）和联盟主席，主编元宇宙医学为主的英文杂志 Clinical eHealth 和中文杂志《元宇宙医学》，带领团队成功研发OSA专病 BAIMGPT 1.0，并成功装备在“HZ 元宇宙诊疗管理OSA一体机”之中。 

参考文献 

［1］ 物联网在睡眠呼吸疾病诊治中的应用专家组. 物联网在睡眠呼吸疾病诊治中的应用专家共识［J］. 国际呼吸杂志，2013，33（4）：241-244. 

［2］ 肖 毅，张晓菊，杨达伟，等. 云加端物联网辅助诊治睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）专家共识（2022 版）［J］. 复旦学报（医学版），2023，50（4）：613-619，632. 

［3］ 白春学. 元宇宙医学之我见［J］. 中国医药导刊，2023，25（1）：1-6. 

［4］ 白春学. 未来已来——我们需要的元宇宙医学［M］. 上海：上海科学技术出版社，2022.

Hongsheng Li¹, Chunhua Zhou², Er-ze Xie¹, Duowu Zou², Shiju Yan¹

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China. ²Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200093, China

Address correspondence to: Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, No.516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 021-55271115. E-mail: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn.

Received February 27, 2023; Accepted April 23, 2023; Published June 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/945507zhvpwe

Highlights

● A variety of digestive endoscopy auxiliary methods can provide substantial benefits in diagnosis and patient care.

● Certain techniques can successfully lessen anesthetic-related issues, alleviate patient discomfort during diagnosis and treatment, and increase public acceptability of endoscopic examination.

Qin Yin^1,*, Jinfeng Wang^2,*, Shu Wang³, Yu'e Sun⁴, Wei Cheng^1,5, Yinming Zeng¹

¹Department of Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China. ⁵Department of Anesthesiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223000, China.

*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Yinming Zeng, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. E-mail: xzkj2297@163.com. Wei Cheng, Department of Anesthesiology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.1 West Yellow River Road, Huai’an 223000, China/Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. E-mail: hayyyzxx@163.com. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/657934sjvovo

Received August 12, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● Complains of sleepless and tinnitus are common in sleep clinics, which is a different type of sleep disorder. In this article, we first summarize this disorder, which is defined as thyroid disease-related sleep disorder (TSD), and propose to categorize it as insomnia secondary to a somatic disorder.

● We have attempted to provide some preliminary diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for TSD.

● In the treatment of TSD, we suggest relying on the theory of integrating Chinese and Western medicine, emphasizing holistic diagnosis and treatment, and precise medication.

Tiantian Hu, Yingfan Yuan, Mengying Zhan, Binyu Wang, Lin Mao, Yu Zhou

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. 

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, NO.516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18021042556, E-mail: zhouyu@usst.edu.cn.

Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51901137).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/061485jysfwu

Received August 22, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● A strong positive correlation was identified in the investigation of the relationship between contact force and irreversible electroporation (IRE) efficacy for tissue ablation. 

● This research conducted on potato models highlights the importance of optimizing electrode contact force in IRE for applications in atrial fibrillation treatment.

● Our findings provide insights into the design of advanced IRE ablation protocols and facilitate the clinical development and translation of this technology for effective atrial fibrillation treatment.

Wanwen Yang, Lin Mao, Yilong Chen, Chengli Song

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China, 200093

Address correspondence to: Lin Mao, Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, NO.516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-21-55572159. E-mail: linmao@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/299269sghbqx

Received August 21, 2023; Accepted December 6, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● Two novel electrodes (one with circle surface and the other with square and arched surface) were designed for radiofrequency intestinal anastomosis, and their effects were compared to a control electrode (smoot surface).

● The temperature and thermal damage to tissue produced by the two designed electrodes during welding are lower than those by the control electrode. 

● The electrode with square and arched surface has a smaller effective welding area and better effect on intestinal anastomosis.

顾佳跃，须晨光 

上海弼马温软件技术有限公司，上海 201400

       在医学科研领域，每1次技术的突破都可能为人类健康带来革命性的改善。近期，上海弼马温软件技术有限公司（以下简称“弼马温”）与复旦大学附属中山医院共同宣布，1款名为“医界智圣”的 创新医疗研究助手正式问世。基于最新的大语言模型（LLM）技术，“医界智圣”不仅标志着医疗研究方法的革新，更是智能科技在医疗领域应用的重要里程碑。 

1 背景 

       在信息爆炸的时代，医学数据的复杂性和庞大性对研究人员提出了前所未有的挑战。为了有效应对这一挑战，国家强调了探索人工智能在医疗等领域应用的重要性。在这样的背景下，“医界智圣”应运而生，旨在推动医疗研究向智能化、高效化的方向迈进。

      “医界智圣”的研发背后，是复旦大学附属中山医院丰富的数据资源、先进的计算基础设施以及医学与 AI 领域的专家团队的共同努力。这一跨学科的合作模式，不仅加速了产品的创新研发，也为医 疗科研的智能化转型提供了强有力的支持。 

2 技术创新点 

      “医界智圣”的核心在于LLM的技术实现。通过预训练大模型，系统在广泛的文本数据上捕捉语言的通用模式和结构，为专业化训练奠定基础。行业特定微调阶段，模型通过专业医学数据集学习医学特有的术语和概念。多专家模型融合技术进一步提升了预测的准确性和鲁棒性，尤其在处理复杂和多变的医学数据时表现出色。

       在性能评估方面，“医界智圣”采用的“ensemble + 评估调优”模式，在标准测试集中的准确率达到了 85%以上（图 1），远超传统 AI 和通用大模型。模型将持续优化和实时更新，保证了医学研究的前沿性和时效性。

      “医界智圣”在智能文献分析和质量评估方面的能力同样令人瞩目。系统能够准确识别关键主题、疾病和方法论，其文献质量评估能力可与人工审查相媲美。这不仅极大地提高了研究效率，也为科研质量提供了有力保障。

       此外，为了满足医学研究的多样性和个性化需求，“医界智圣”提供了定制化的订阅服务。研究人员可以根据自己的研究兴趣定制系统，确保接收到最相关、最及时的信息，从而始终站在科研领域的最前沿。 

3 展望 

       弼马温和复旦大学附属中山医院的开发团队致力于“医界智圣”的持续改进和优化。未来的更新将包括扩展数据集和改进算法，以适应医学科学和 技术的快速进步。我们相信，“医界智圣”将成为医学研究者的得力助手，推动科研工作的高效进行。“医界智圣”的推出，不仅是弼马温和中山医院合作的成果， 更是医疗科研领域智能化转型的重要一步。它不仅为医疗临床研究人员提供了 1 个深入理解医学科学的工具， 还极大地提升了科研和临床决策的效率。随着“医界智圣”的应用，我们有理由相信，医学研究的未来将更加光明，新的发现和创新将不断涌现，为全人类的健康福祉做出更大的贡献。

Xinrui Gui, Tingting Shi, Ruoyu Song, Rongguo Yan

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093,  China.

Address correspondence to: Rongguo Yan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. E-mail: yanrongguo@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/578860ievbid

Received October 19, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology transmits a beam of near-infrared light through a transmitter to the brain. 

● The changes in hemoglobin concentration and cerebral blood oxygen levels can be estimated using near-infrared light, by comparing the changes in light attenuation over time.

● This paper introduces the basic concept of measuring blood oxygen levels in brain tissue using NIRS technology, and presents the potential applications of the most recent developments in this field of study.

Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda^1,2, Seng Gan^1,2, Leon Flicker^1,2

¹Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. ²School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.

Address correspondence to: Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda, Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. Phone: +61 8 9224 2244;  Email: Mayura.Iddagoda@health.wa.gov.au.

Acknowledgement: RACP Research Entry Scholarship 2022.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/496028bkubbs

Received October 12, 2023; Accepted November 10, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● Amongst the many causes of adrenal insufficiency, primary adrenal failure or Addison’s disease is an important cause of hypoadrenalism.

● Adreanl insufficiency is a common medical problem in surgical patients and can cause preventable major adverse events.

● It is important to identify patients at high-risk of adrenal insufficiency and to give appropriate replacements perioperatively.

● Current guidelines clearly outline the required amount of steroid dose during the intraoperative and postoperative period in patients with insufficient adrenal function.

Renke Sun^1,2, Hui Su^1,2, Kecheng Zhai^1,2, Yangmengna Gao^1,2, Shangping Fang^1,2

¹School of Anesthesiology, ²Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.

Address correspondence to: Shangping Fang, Anaesthesiology Experimental Training Center, College of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. Tel:+86-19855362767; E-mail: 20180041@wnmc.edc.cn.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Wannan Medical College emphasis scientific research fund (WK2022Z10) and Anhui University Students’ innovation and entrepreneurship fund (S202210368107).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/955623wnfjqd

Received September 28, 2023; Accepted November 14, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● The pharmacological action of chlorogenic acid was summarized. 

● The mechanism of acute kidney injury (AKI) was investigated.

● The signaling pathways through which chlorogenic acid plays its role in AKI were summarized for the first time.

● A possible new drug for treating a common perioperative complication, namely sepsis-induced AKI, is revealed.

Yunfei Hao^1,*, Haoyan Lou^1,*, Jingnuo Jiang¹, Wenhui Guo²,  Zhanheng Chen², Bing Xu²

¹College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Wenhui Guo, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, No.800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: wendyguo17@outlook.com; Zhanheng Chen, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, No.800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: chenzhanheng17@mails.ucas.ac.cn; Bing Xu, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, No.800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: xubing1992@smmu.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/284605tsowfy

Received September 26, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

Highlights

● General anesthetics may cause neurotoxicity.

● Single general anesthesia before 3 years of age does not affect cognitive function in pediatric patients.

● The effect of general anesthetics on the cognitive function of pediatric patients is related to the number of anesthesia sessions, duration and the depth of anesthetic exposure.

Tianfeng Dong¹, Shiju Yan¹, Hengyu Li², Sheng Yuan¹

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. ²Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

Address correspondence to: Shiju Yan, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No.516, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: 18217617984; E-mail: yanshiju@usst.edu.cn. 

Received May 8, 2023; Accepted November 23, 2023; Published December 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/036308mdyran

Highlights

● Medical image segmentation algorithms play a crucial role in diagnosing and screening lesions. 

● Appropriate segmentation techniques are conducive to reducing the workload of doctors and hold significant implications for clinical auxiliary treatment.

白春学

复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

尊敬的全球读者和同行们：

健康长寿是自人类诞生在这颗星球上便有的永恒追求。为满足这种追求，人类花费了大量时间和精力开展相关研究。现在，人类研发出了大量医疗器械和药物，以实施精准医疗。我们不但对人体微环境有了相当透彻的了解，而且也已经对开展分子水平诊疗游刃有余。目前，人类的平均寿命已经明显延长，健康状况也得到了根本改善。

但是，从2000年至2019年，全球非传染性疾病死亡人数占比从60.8%增加到73.6%。其中，四大慢性疾病——癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病，仅在2019年就夺走了 3 320 万人的生命，较2000年增加了28%。2019 年，中国居民整体预期寿命为77.4 岁（男性74.7岁，女性80.5岁），健康预期寿命为68.5岁（男性67.2岁，女性70.0岁）。虽然相较于2016年，健康寿命有所延长，但主要体现在女性数据的改善上，男性整体预期寿命和健康预期寿命甚至还都略有“倒退”。

这一反常状况的出现，既有人类生活环境变差、生活节奏加快、生活不规律、缺少锻炼等方面的原因，也是因为个人寿命的延长，增加了共患病的可能性。尽管人类研发出许多现代化诊疗设备和药物，但相应医疗资源仍然短缺，能诊断和治疗类别越来越多、演变越来越复杂的疾病的医生仍是有限的。传统的“以专家为中心、医院为重点”的医疗模式可以使医院越建越大，药物越来越多，但无法从根本上解决顶尖专家稀缺的问题，因而很难实现现代医疗“强基层、广覆盖”的初衷。因此，在当前快速变化的时代中，我们需要以更开放、更包容的态度来面对医学领域的诸多挑战。

物联网、大数据、人工智能等数字技术的发展，以及这些数字技术与医学的结合，正在催化医学科学和医疗模式的范式变革。将积累数千年的人类医学知识数字化，并基于大医名医的医学专长和智慧，通过人工智能技术生成元宇宙医生（元医），采用物联网技术采集、传输患者身体健康数据，构建元宇宙虚实相生场景，让每位患者在任何时间、任何地点都能得到精准的诊断和治疗，最大程度发挥和扩展元医的作用，力求从根本上解决优质医疗资源短缺的问题。

在元宇宙医疗环境下，“以专家为中心、医院为重点”的医疗模式将从根本上转变为“以患者为中心，以专病为抓手，以元医为重点，以质控为保障”的新型医疗模式。也只有元宇宙医学，才能“做他人不会做的，做他人做不好的，做对大众最有利的”，实现“名医治未病，元医惠众生”的愿景。白春学教授洞察了数字技术与医学技术结合的发展趋势， 引领时代发展潮流， 于2022年牵头制定了《元宇宙医学专家共识》（Expert consensus on the metaverse in medicine）。截至2024年2月，该共识已被下载超过3万次，引用136次。

在此背景下，复旦大学附属中山医院创办了《元宇宙医学》中文期刊。该期刊在国家医学中心（筹）、上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心、上海心肺疾病人工智能工程技术研究中心和复旦大学附属中山医院期刊中心的支持下，将同广大医药卫生和信息技术人员一道，深入、全面地探究如何应用强大的数字技术促进医学和医疗技术发展，以更好地服务医疗和大健康。

《元宇宙医学》的创办不仅是对数字技术与医疗融合发展趋势的回应，更推动了全球医学产业的进步与发展。该期刊将全面报道国内外元宇宙医学和数字医学的最新科研成果，紧密追踪并努力引领元宇宙医学科技发展趋势，理论与实践结合，提高与普及并重，以提高广大医疗从业人员的数字意识和数字医疗的应用水平为己任，深化信息技术在医学领域的应用，推动元宇宙医学知识创新和科技进步，为提高国家医学科技整体能力，实现“健康中国2030”的战略目标做出最大的贡献。

我们相信，只有通过开放合作、共享资源，才能真正推动全球医学产业的进步。因此，《元宇宙医学》将致力于打破地域和文化的界限，积极倡导国际交流与合作，为全球医学领域的发展注入新的活力与动力，为全球医学科技的进步贡献力量。

让我们携手并肩，共同探索医学的未来，为全人类的健康福祉而努力奋斗！

2024年3月1日于上海

       DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/643606jmpyyp    

白春学*

复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 白春学, 博士, 教授, 主任医师.

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［基金项目］ 上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（JKKPYC-2023-A20）， 上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划（20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划（21DZ2200600）， 上海市市级科技重大专项（ZD2021CY001）， 上海市临床重点专科建设项目（shslczdzk02201）. Supported by Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201).

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献    白春学：文章选题、撰写、修改。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/062641zhpxns

韦球 

南宁市第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，南宁530022

1  背景 

       2022年中国最新肺癌发病例数增至106.06万，肺癌死亡例数73.3万^[1] 。就肺癌患者的5年存活率而言，在2019年中国为19.7%^[2] ，远低于2010至2014年亚洲国家中日本（33%）和韩国（25%）的5年存活率^[3] 。为什么中国肺癌5年存活率低于全球发达国家，在亚洲也低于日本和韩国水平？究其原因，主要是一、二级预防工作做得不够，知晓率不够，发现早期肺癌水平不够，5年存活率不足 20%。亟需要研发简便易行的智能评估和管理技术，融入共识指南中广泛推广^[4-6] 。为了解决这些问题，亟需要牵头共识指南和有丰富临床经验的著名专家作为模型，应用GPT来辅助咨询， 以便起1个颠覆性强基层、广覆盖的作用。 

2  技术创新点 

       为实现上述目标，白教授团队研发了全球首个肺结节专病BAIMGPT1.0，含全球首个赋能肺结节评估管理，语音文字交互兼容的咨询系统，赋能问诊、咨询和管理等。这一专病数字人GPT可以提高肺结节教育获益率、知晓率、筛查率、咨询解答获益率，并可改善培训获益率。将肺结节筛查、初评和数字人咨询普及到一级医院、体检中心，甚至患者家庭，进而大幅度降低延误诊断率，改善防治效果、助力实现健康中国规划的强基层广覆盖的愿景^[3-4] 。

3  发明人及团队简介 

       白春学教授为国际元宇宙医学协会（IAMM）主席，牵头多项国内外肺结节共识指南，主编元宇宙医学为主的英文杂志Clinical eHealth和中文杂志《元宇宙医学》，带领团队成功研发肺结节专 病BAIMGPT 1.0，并装备在“HZ 元宇宙肺结节评估管理一体机”中。 

参考文献 

［1］ ZHENG R S, CHEN R, HAN B F, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. Chin J Oncol, 2024, 46(3): 221-231. 

  [2]   ZENG H M,CHEN W Q,ZHENG R S, et al. Changing cancer survival in China during 2003-15:a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2018, 6(5): e555-e567. 

［3］ SUNG H, FERLAY J,SIEGEL R L, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249. 

［4］ 中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺癌学组, 中国肺癌防治联盟专家组. 肺结节诊治中国专家共识(2018年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2018, 41(10): 763-771. 

［5］ 白春学. 元宇宙医学之我见[J]. 中国医药导刊, 2023, 25(1): 1-6.

［6］ 白春学. 未来已来——我们需要的元宇宙医学[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2022.

胡洁 

复旦大学附属中山医院，上海 200032

       2024年4月10日下午 2 点，在上海市老年医学中心 2 号楼 5 楼报告厅召开了上海市闵行区医学会元宇宙医学专委会成立大会。复旦大学附属中山医院终身荣誉教授、上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心主任，国际元宇宙医学协会主席白春学博士做了题为《元宇宙医疗——梦想还是现实》的报告，并演示了他设计研发的BAIMGPT1.0（图 1）。这是全球首个元宇宙医学数字人 GPT 正式亮相，将为大众提供更便捷、高效的医疗服务。BAIMGPT 1.0 具备丰富的医学知识和智能诊断辅助能力，特别是可为肺结节和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者提供准确、及时的诊治建议。同时，它还能够与医生进行高效的沟通和协作，提高医疗效率和质量。 

       元宇宙医学数字人 BAIMGPT 1.0 的成功，无疑为医学领域带来了全新的变革。这一成果主要基于专病共识指南、教科书和被广泛认可的专著作为知识库，使其具备了丰富的医学知识和专业的诊断能力基础。 基于这些知识库，GPT 在临床诊断和治疗方面将具有重要的参考意义。它能够辅助医生进行疾病诊断，提供个性化治疗方案，提高医疗服务的质量和效率。同时，GPT 还能够提供健康咨询，全时空便捷地帮助大众了解疾病、预防疾病，助力大健康。随着技术的发展，GPT 还能够装载元宇宙技术，为医生和患者提供虚拟的诊疗环境，帮助医生进行远程诊断和治疗，患者也可以在家中接受便捷的医疗服务，实现了医疗资源的优化配置。 

       元宇宙医学数字人 BAIMGPT 1.0 的出现为大众提供了更多的医疗选择和便利，有望成为未来医疗服务的重要发展方向。我们相信，随着技术的不断发展，GPT将在医学领域发挥更大的作用，为人 类的健康事业做出更大的贡献。然而，需要注意的是，元宇宙医学数字人 BAIMGPT 1.0 虽然具有强大的功能，但仍需要不断完善和优化。在使用过程中，大众应保持理性态度，遵循专业医生的指导和建议。同时，也应注意保护个人隐私和数据安全。

图 1    白春学教授展示元宇宙医学数字人 BAIMGPT 1.0

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

2. 重庆市第五人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，重庆 400062 

3. 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院呼吸内科，杭州 310003

［作者简介］ 白春学，教授、主任医师 . 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 上海市科学技术委员会项目基金（21DZ2200600）. Supported by Fund of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology （21DZ2200600）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 陆俊羽、蒋维芃、王悦虹：修改；白春学：选 题、撰写、修改。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/053293drpusv

薛新颖^{1, 2}，杨达伟³，白春学^3*

1. 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院呼吸与危重症医学科，北京 100038

2. 首都医科大学附司北京世纪坛医院危急重症医学中心，北京 100038

3. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 薛新颖， 博士, 副主任医师. E-mail: xuexinying2988@bjsjth.cn

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［基金项目］ 首都医科大学杰出青年项目（A2310），首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院学科带头人项目（2023DTRXXY），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（JKKPYC-2023-A20）， 上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划（20DZ2254400）， 上海市科技创新行动计划（21DZ2200600），上海市市级科技重大专项（ZD2021CY001），上海市临床重点专科建设项目（shslczdzk02201）. Supported by Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Capital Medical University (A2310), Program of Subject Leader in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (2023DTRXXY), Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600), The Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201).

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-15 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-23 ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献    薛新颖：论文撰写、修改；杨达伟：论文撰写、修改；白春学：论文选题、撰写、修改。

郑郁婕¹，孙梦婷¹，白春学^1,2,3，杨达伟^1,2,3*

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

2. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032

3. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 郑郁婕. E-mail: zyj7320@163.com

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990. E-mail: yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［基金项目］国家自然科学基金（82170110），福建省杰出青年科学基金项目（2022D014），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市科学技术委员会上海工程技术研究中心建设计划（20DZ2254400），上海市科技创新行动计划（21DZ2200600, 20DZ2261200），上海市市级科技重大专项（ZD2021CY001），上海市临床重点专科建设项目（shslczdzk02201），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（JKKPYC-2023-A20）. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170110), Fujian Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2022D014), Shanghai Pujiang Project (20PJ1402400), Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20DZ2254400), Shanghai Action Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (21DZ2200600, 20DZ2261200), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02201), Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20).

［收稿日期］ 2024-03-10 ［接受日期］ 2024-03-26  ［发表日期］ 2024-03-28

伦理声明    无。

利益冲突    所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献    郑郁婕：论文选题、撰写、修改；孙梦婷：论文修改；杨达伟：整体架构、撰写思路设计。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/379779ioemkb

谭宝滢，陈丽萍，宣建伟

* 中山大学药学院医药经济研究所，广州 510006

［作者简介］ 谭宝滢，硕士，助理研究员 . E-mail： tanby6@mail2.sysu.edu.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 020-39943104. E-mail: xuanjw3@mail.sysu.edu.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-02 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-20 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28  

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 谭宝滢：撰写、修改论文；陈丽萍：修改论文； 宣建伟：选题，修改论文。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/918823aisibu

顾建英，宋振举，白春学 

复旦大学附属中山医院，上海 200032

       随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能（AI）、物联网（IoT）、元宇宙、GPT、人机融合等一系列前沿技术如雨后春笋般涌现，它们不仅具有高科技、高效能、高质量的特征，更在医学领域里展现出无穷的潜力。这些技术的不断进步与拓展，为它们在医学中的应用打下了坚实的基础，逐渐成为推动医学新质生产力的核心动力。 新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。

       新质生产力的基本内涵是相对于旧质生产力存在的，是科技创新交叉融合突破所产生的根本性成果。它以新技术深化应用为驱动，以新产业、新业态和新模式快速涌现 为重要特征，构建起新型社会生产关系和社会制度体系的生产力。新质生产力的核心标志是全要素生产率大幅提升，这是其作为先进生产力的具体体现。新质生产力的核心要素包括科技创新、生产要素创新性配置和产业深度转型升级，理论公式=（科学技术革命性突破+生产要素创新性配置+产业深度转型升级）×（劳 动力+劳动工具+劳动对象）优化组合。 

       参考上述理论依据，可以初步考虑将医学新质生产力定义为是将新质生产力应用于医学，创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进 生产力质态。这些医学新兴技术的出现，利于推动当前医疗模式的深度转型升级，根本改变原有医疗模式 的技术路线和生产方式，大幅度提升医疗和大健康水平。

1   AI

       AI是一种模拟人类智能的技术，可通过计算机程序和系统实现。AI的应用领域非常广泛，包括自然语言处理、机器学习、图像识别、语音识别等。在医疗领域，AI可被用来帮助医生进行疾病诊断和治疗决策，例如在肺结节的诊断中，AI可以作为辅助工具来分析CT扫描图像，帮助医生发现潜在的肺结节，并对其性质进行评估。目前AI已经在医学影像诊断、疾病预测、药物研发等多个方面发挥了重要作用。其强大的数据处理能力和自我学习能力，可以使其能够快速准确地分析大量的医疗数据，为医生提供更加精准的诊疗建议。智能制药也正在应用大数据和人工智能技术，对药物研发和生产过程进行智能化改造，从而加速新药上市，降低药品成本，为患者提供更多优质、高效的治疗方案。虽然AI在医疗领域的应用越来越广泛，但是它仍然是一个辅助工具，最终的诊断和治疗决策应该由具有临床经验的医生做出。为了提高基层医院的肺结节诊断水平，中国肺癌防治联盟开展“双百行动”，旨在通过建立百家医院AI和元宇宙肺结节诊治分中心，组织专家培训，推广应用AI辅助评估肺结节，来提升基层医院的诊断能力。 

2　物联网医学 

       IoT通过其全面感知、可靠传输和智能处理的特点，实现了医疗数据的实时采集、传输和分析。通过IoT和医疗设备，医生可以实时全时空监测患者的生理数据，可以随时了解患者的健康状况，从而做出更加及时和准确的治疗决策。IoT技术能够构建一个庞大的医疗数据网络，为医生提供更加全面、准确的诊疗依据。 同时，IoT技术还能够实现医疗服务的智能化和自动化，提高医疗机构的运营效率，降低运营成本，为患者提供更加便捷、高效的医疗服务。此外，IoT技术还可以应用于药品管理、医疗器械追踪等多个环节，确保医疗过程的安全性和可追溯性。IoT技术在远程医疗领域应用也具有巨大的潜力。借助IoT技术，医生可以通过远程视频、数据共享等方式，为地处偏远地区的患者提供及时的医疗服务。这不仅缓解了偏远地区医疗资源紧张的问题，还让更多患者享受到了高质量的医疗服务。 这些技术的发展为个性化医疗和精准医疗提供了强大的动力。利于个性化医疗根据患者的个体差异，制定针对性的治疗方案。而精准医疗则可更进一步，通过对患者的基因、生活方式等多维度数据进行深入分析，实现更为精确的诊断和治疗。随着物联网技术的不断发展，新质生产力将在医学领域发挥更大的作用。

3　元宇宙医学 

       元宇宙在医学领域的应用尚处于初级阶段，但其通过其八大特征：沉浸感、虚拟身份、社交属性、随时随地、多样性、低延迟、经济属性和全新的人机交互方式，和独特的虚拟现实技术，有望为医学教育、手术模拟、 康复训练等方面提供全新的解决方案。虚拟现实技术可以为医学教育构建更加真实和生动的教学环境。 通过手术模拟功能，元宇宙可以帮助医生在虚拟环境中进行手术训练和提高手术技能。而康复训练功能则可以为患者提供更加个性化和高效的康复方案。

       元宇宙医学的兴起，不仅促进了医疗产业结构的优化，还为医疗行业的增长动力和质量发展带来深刻变革。物联网医学、元宇宙医学以及人机融合技术的成熟及其在临床实践中的应用，都充分证明了这一点。 智能制药和可穿戴设备等技术也在疾病预防和治疗方面发挥了重要作用。这些技术的发展为个性化医疗和精准医疗提供了有力支持，使得医疗服务更加个性化和高效。 

       作为结合了人类智能与人工智能的新型智能科学体系，人机融合技术正逐渐潜移默化地改变着传统医疗模式，为医疗服务带来了前所未有的变革。人机融合技术更是将人与机器的智能完美结合，既保留了医生的专业知识和经验，又发挥了机器在数据处理和分析方面的优势，从而极大地提升了医疗服务的效率和质量，优化医疗资源配置。以机器人手术为例，医生通过与机器人的紧密协作，能够执行更为复杂、精细的手术任务。机器人在手术中的精准定位和操作，大大降低了手术风险，提高了手术成功率。同时，机器人手术还能减轻医生的工作负担，让他们有更多的精力去关注患者的术后康复。除了机器人手术，智能制药和可穿戴设备等技术也在疾病预防和治疗方面发挥了重要作用。 

4   GPT 

      GPT是一种基于互联网的、可用数据训练的、文本生成的深度学习模型。GPT通过其强大的自然语言处理能力，实现了医疗文本信息的高效处理。这不仅提高了医生的工作效率，还为患者提供了更加便捷和高效的医疗服务。同时，GPT 还可以通过自我学习，不断优化自身的处理能力，为医生提供更加精准的诊断和治疗建议。

4　展 望 

       新质生产力在医学领域的应用前景广阔。随着技术的不断进步和发展，我们有理由相信这些新兴技术将为医疗健康事业带来革命性的变革并造福更多的患者。AI、物联网、元宇宙、GPT、人机融合等具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征的技术是医学新质生产力的基础。这些技术自然而然推动目前医疗模式深度转型升级，在此基础上产生的物联网医学和元宇宙医学，将促进目前医疗产业结构、增长动力和发展质量的变革。这些技术从根本上改变了原有医疗模式的技术路线和生产方式，大幅度提高诊断的效率和精准性。这些医学新质生产力将颠覆性提高一、二、三级预防效率，大幅度提升全要素生产率，如提高诊疗水平，改善长期生存率，成为以往医疗模式难以比拟的重要医疗模式。 

       展望未来，新质生产力在医学领域的应用前景广阔，有望为医疗健康事业带来革命性的变革。人机融合技术、智能制药、可穿戴设备以及物联网等技术的不断发展，将为医疗服务注入更多创新元素，让医疗服务更加智能化、个性化、高效化。我们有理由相信，在不久的将来，只要我们科学拥抱和发展新质生产力，将引领医学领域迈向一个更加美好的未来，开创崭新的医学新时代。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/228913eqsvmy

白春学^1*，韦 球²，魏雪梅³，朱文思¹，胡 洁¹

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032
2. 南宁市第一人民医院呼吸内科，南宁 530000
3. 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科，乌鲁木齐 830001

［作者简介］ 白春学，教授、主任医师 . 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］ 2024-09-30

伦理声明 无 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 白春学：选题、撰写、修改、定稿；韦球、魏雪 梅、朱文思、胡洁：撰写，修改，检索参考文献，绘制图片。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/690584dnrdza

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

2. 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科，杭州 310003

［作者简介］ 朱文思，主治医师.  E-mail: zhu.siweng@zs-hospital.sh.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990. E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 上海市科学技术委员会项目基金（21DZ2200600）. Supported by Fund of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology （21DZ2200600）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 朱文思，王悦虹，蔡沁怡：修改，检索参考文献，使用AI技术生成图片；白春学：选题、撰写、修改。

张 烽* 

万商天勤（上海）律师事务所，上海 200120

［作者简介］ 张 烽，硕士 . 

*通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-50819091, Email: feng.zhang@vtlaw.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-16 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-26 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28 

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 张烽：撰写、修改论文。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/858975bmtvuv

白春学^1*，王悦虹²，蒋维芃¹

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

2. 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院呼吸内科，杭州 310003

［作者简介］ 白春学，教授、主任医师 . 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］ 2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 上海市科学技术委员会项目基金（21DZ2200600）. Supported by Fund of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology （21DZ2200600）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献 白春学：选题、撰写、修改、定稿；王悦虹、蒋 维芃：撰写，查核文献。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/177384xuohkl

王源¹，杨达伟^{1，2，3，4，5*}

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015

3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032

4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

5. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 王 源， 硕士生. E-mail： wangyuan011022@163.com

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-02 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

［基金项目］ 国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才）（JKKPYC-2023-A20），2020年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170110), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program (20PJ1402400), Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center in 2020 (20DZ2254400), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2022D014).

伦理声明 无。

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献 王源：撰写论文；杨达伟：修改论文。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/769612hdtofy

苏士成 ¹，梁 冰 1 ，蒋维芃 ²，李 红 ^1*，白春学 ^2，3* 

1. 昆山市中医医院呼吸与危重症医学科，昆山 215300 

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

3. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 苏士成，博士，主任医师 . E-mail： sushicheng2003@163.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 0512-55031711, E-mail: lhong_56@163.com；Tel: 021-64041990. E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-17 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-26 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28 

［基金项目］ 苏州市“临床医学专家团队”引进项目 . Supported by “Team of Clinical Medical Experts” in Suzhou.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 苏士成、梁冰、蒋维芃：撰写，查核参考文献； 李红、白春学：选题、撰写、修改。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/505172zyiizr

宋元林 ^1，2 ，宋振举 ³ ，钱菊英 ⁴ ，蒋维芃 ¹ ，白春学 ^{1，2，5，6*} 

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

2. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032 

3. 复旦大学附属中山医院急诊科，上海 200032 

4. 复旦大学附属中山医院心内科，上海 200032 

5. 上海呼吸物联网医学技术工程研究中心，上海 200032 

6. 国际元宇宙医学联盟，苏州 215163

［作者简介］ 宋元林，主任医师 . E-mail：song.yuanlin@zs-hospital.sh.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel：021-64041990, E-mail：bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-18 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-23   [发表日期]   2024-06-28

伦理声明  无。 

利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献  宋元林、宋振举、钱菊英、蒋维芃：调研和检 索文献、撰写论文、修改论文；白春学：选题、撰写论文、修改 论文。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/280960cuidjz

白莉¹，宋元林^2，3，童琳^2，3，蒋维芃2，白春学^{2，3，4，5*}

1. 陆军军医大学新桥医院呼吸与危重症医学科，重庆 400037

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

3. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

4. 上海呼吸物联网医学技术工程研究中心，上海 200032

5. 国际元宇宙医学联盟，苏州 215163

［作者简介］ 白 莉，副主任医师. E-mail：blpost@126.com

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel：021-64041990, E-mail：bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-12 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-20 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

伦理声明 无。

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献 白莉、宋元林、童琳、蒋维芃：撰写论文，查核文献；白春学：选题，撰写论文，修改论文。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/149666xvlrbg

杨达伟^1,2,3,4,5,6，宣建伟⁷，蒋维芃^1,3,4,5,6，白春学^1,2,3,4,5,6* 

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032
2. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015
3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032
4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032
5. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032
6. 国际元宇宙医学协会，苏州 215163
7. 中山大学药学院医药经济研究所，广州 510006

［作者简介］ 杨达伟，副教授、副主任医师 . E-mail： yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-20 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-29 ［发表日期］ 2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才） （JKKPYC- 2023-A20），2020 年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by  National Natural Science Foundation of China（82170110）， Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program（20PJ1402400）， Project of Promoting Ability of Medical  Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai（JKKPYC-2023-A20）， Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research  Center in 2020（20DZ2254400）， Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province（2022D014）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 杨达伟、宣建伟、蒋维芃：查找参考文献、修 改、定稿；白春学：选题、撰写、修改、定稿。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/010512hlgveq

杨 达 伟^1,2,3,4,5,6，王 宁 舫^1,3,4,6，王 源^1,3,4,6，宋 元 林^1,2,3,4,5,6，胡 洁^1,2,3,4,5,6， 张 勇^1,3,4,5,6，童 林^1,3,4,5,6，刘 洁^1,3,4,5,6，白春学^1,2,3,4,5,6*
1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032
2. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015
3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032
4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032
5. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032
6. 国际元宇宙医学协会，苏州 215163

［作者简介］ 杨达伟，副教授、副主任医师 . E-mail： yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn
* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-09-22 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-30 ［发表日期］ 2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才）（JKKPYC- 2023-A20），2020 年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by National Natural  Science Foundation of China （82170110）， Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program （20PJ1402400）， Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science  Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai （JKKPYC-2023-A20）， Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center  in 2020（20DZ2254400）， Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province（2022D014）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 杨达伟、王宁舫、王源：查找参考文献、修改、 定稿；宋元林、胡洁、张勇、童林、刘洁：修改、定稿；白春学：选 题、撰写、修改、定稿。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/719454mngrgc

杨达伟^{1，2，3，4，5*}

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015

3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032

4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

5. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 杨达伟，博士，副主任医师，副研究员.

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-02 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

［基金项目］ 国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才）（JKKPYC-2023-A20），2020年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170110), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program (20PJ1402400), Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center in 2020 (20DZ2254400), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2022D014).

伦理声明 无。

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献 杨达伟：撰写、修改论文。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/875889kkotkg

甘舜轩* 

南京栢拓视觉科技有限公司，南京 210019

［作者简介］ 甘舜轩 . 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）：Tel：025-58715810, E-mail：33971873@qq.com

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-16 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-23 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

伦理声明  无。 

利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献  甘舜轩：撰写论文，修改论文。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/418861bkkeyh

王 源 ¹ ，杨达伟 ^{1，2，3，4，5} ，白春学 ^{1，2，3，4，6*} 

1. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032 

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015 

3. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032 

4. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032 

5. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032 6. 国际元宇宙医学协会，苏州 215163

［作者简介］ 王 源，硕士生 . E-mail：wangyuan011022@163.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel：021-64041990, E-mail：bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-10 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-20 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

［基金项目］国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才）（JKKPYC- 2023-A20），2020年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （82170110）， Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program （20PJ1402400）， Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai （JKKPYC-2023-A20）， Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center in 2020（20DZ2254400）， Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province（2022D014）.

伦理声明  无。 

利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献  王源：撰写论文，杨达伟、白春学：修改论文。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/023188wptjms

郭仕薪 ^1* ，孙大伟 ^2，3，4 

1. 中国科学技术出版社，北京 100054 

2. 天津市中医药研究院附属医院，天津 300120 

3. 天津中医药大学第二附属医院，天津 300150 

4. 天津中医药大学，天津 301617

［作者简介］ 郭仕薪 . 

*通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 010-63581271, E-mail: guosx0118@126.com

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-10 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-25 ［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

［基金项目］ 2023 年天津市中医药研究院附属医院青年人才助力培养项目—“青苗”计划；天津市卫生健康委员会中医中西医结合科研课题 — 重 点 项 目（2023041）. Supported by 2023 Young Talent Development Program of Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated  Hospital - “Qingmiao” Plan； Scientific Research Key Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration of Tianjin municipal  health and Health Committee （2023041）.

伦理声明  无。 

利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献  郭仕薪：撰写论文；孙大伟：修改论文。

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.61189/443129uoysjn

陈思旭¹，刘独玉^1*，谭小琴¹，齐 星¹，罗 彬²

1. 西南民族大学电气工程学院，成都 610041 

2. 四川互慧软件有限公司，绵阳 621000

［作者简介］ 陈思旭，硕士研究生.  E-mail: chen1296647721@163.com 

* 通信作者（Corresponding author.  Tel: 15828397145, E-mail: liuduyu10000@163.com

［收稿日期］ 2024-07-07 ［接受日期］ 2024-09-02 ［发表日期］2024-09-30

［基金项目］ 国家重点研发计划（2021YFF0704100），西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2023NYXXS016）. Supported by State Key Research and Development Project （2021YFF0704100），the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities，Southwest Minzu University（2023NYXXS016）.

伦理声明 无。 

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。 

作者贡献 陈思旭：论文选题、撰稿；刘独玉、谭小琴、齐 星、罗彬：论文修改。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/409428oucija

陈娇娇，王 洵 

江南大学附属中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科，无锡 214002

1　摘要翻译 

作者为 Dimitris Mourtzis，该文发表于百科期刊^［1］。本文明确指出，在工业 5.0 的框架下，元宇宙 的理念与 Web 4.0 的展望不谋而合，共同构建了一 个数字生态系统。在这个系统中，个人与组织秉持 以人为本的协作理念，致力于创造个性化的价值。 这个虚拟世界将多个相互关联的领域融为一体，使 得计算机营造的环境与用户能够实现即时的互动。 借助人工智能（AI）、虚拟现实（VR）及物联网（IoT） 等先进技术的融合，工业 5.0 中的元宇宙致力于通 过提供定制化和价值导向的解决方案，来激发创新 活力，并提升生产力、效率及整体福祉水平。有鉴 于此，本文对工业 5.0 背景下的元宇宙概念进行深 入探讨，着重阐述其定义、发展历程、优势与局限。 同时，文章还围绕技术进步的支撑要素、面临的挑 战与潜在机遇展开了讨论，特别是其在制造业领域 的应用。最后，本文提出了一个旨在将以人为本的 元宇宙理念融入制造业的概念性框架。 

2　摘要解读与评论 

本文引用了白春学教授团队^［2］率先提出的元宇 宙医学专家共识，对元宇宙医学探索中的成功经验 进行了总结与提炼，为工业 5.0 时代以人为本的元宇宙应用提供了参考范例。文章阐述了工业元宇宙的起源可追溯至工业互联网的融合，实现了物理设备与信息技术的深度融合。同时指出，借助物联 网技术和能够无缝集成信息与物理对象的嵌入式 设备，元宇宙在推动医疗保健方面展现出巨大潜 力^［2］。基于此，作者总结认为，为了更好地实现以人 为本和个性化价值创造，元宇宙需解决当前的核心痛点，即利用设计知识和计算模型实现数字世界与 现实世界之间的无缝衔接，增强元宇宙中人与产品 的交互体验。未来的研究方向将涵盖探索该系统 与现实世界智能工厂的集成，并结合产品技术参数 建模来优化所提议系统的功能。这些探索将进一 步推动元宇宙在工业 5.0 中的应用及其价值创造潜力。此外，作者还向其他领域的学者分享了白教授 团队在工业元宇宙环境中利用区块链奖励机制促 进医疗保健领域的成功经验，如患者通过保持健康 生活方式和达成健康目标（如体重管理或完成健康 评估）来获得代币，这些代币可用于兑换医疗折扣、 健身房会员资格等健康相关服务。文章最后提出 的将以人为本的元宇宙融入制造业的概念框架，与 新兴的元宇宙医学框架相契合，具体包括“全息构 建与全面感知、全息仿真与智能处理、虚实融合与 质量控制、虚实联动与人机融合”。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/637975pgrdgj

阿里木·吐尔孙 

汕头市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科，汕头 515031

1　摘要翻译 

该文作者为Sarah P.Psutka，发表于欧洲泌尿学杂志^［1］。文章指出，近期新兴的虚拟可视化技术与人工智能及高速互联网连接的融合，为医学领域元宇宙的发展开辟了道路。在这一完全虚拟的环境里，医务人员能够借助数字化身，对患者的三维虚拟模型（3D VMs）进行直观探讨。文中首次展现了在微创肾部分切除术之前，于元宇宙内开展的术前临床病例讨论实例。外科医生的数字化身在虚拟空间内相聚，并就手术方案及夹闭手段进行了术前虚拟磋商。随后，依据模拟的手术策略执行机器人手术或腹腔镜手术。即便是在虚拟场景下，也彰显了这种沉浸式虚拟现实体验如何跨越地域限制，以及凭借身临其境的直观感受来提升手术规划的质量。未来的研究将进一步增强与模型及虚拟角色间的交互体验^［1］。

 2　摘要解读与评论 

本文介绍了在元宇宙中进行微创肾部分切除 术前的术前临床病例讨论——利用三维虚拟模型 （3D VMs），与外科医生的数字化身在虚拟会议室中共同探讨手术策略及血管夹闭技巧。同时，文章引用了白春学教授团队^［2］率先提出的元宇宙医学专家共识，指出元宇宙概念为医疗保健领域带来了新机遇，通过融合人工智能、虚拟现实（VR）和日益普及 的网络连接，创建了沉浸式和交互式的在线环境， 为患者提供了成本更低、效果更佳的治疗方案。此外，元宇宙打破了地理界限，使得不同医院的外科 医生与主持人能在虚拟空间中实时交流、协作，促进了知识共享和专家意见的交汇，为复杂手术提供了更为精确全面的规划，并实现了针对性的指导与帮助。对于新晋外科医生而言，元宇宙成为了一个优质的学习平台，使他们能够直观地掌握手术步骤和关键要点、积累实践经验，同时也便于他们通过便捷的咨询渠道与资深专家交流，获取宝贵建议和指导。文章还指出了当前该技术面临的挑战，包括高昂的成本，需降低以推广普及；隐私与安全风险， 需强化数据安全措施，因元宇宙应用涉及大量个人健康数据的收集与存储；以及社会不平等、伦理和法律问题，均需进一步研究与解决。总体而言，本文展示了元宇宙在医学领域的广泛应用潜力，并强调在解决上述问题后，将进一步推动医疗行业的进 步与发展。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/547973fjqnxm

傅文杰¹，孙梦婷²，杨达伟^{2，3，4，5，6*}

1. 复旦大学计算机科学技术学院，上海 200438

2. 复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸与危重症医学科，上海 200032

3. 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院呼吸与危重症医学科，厦门 361015

4. 上海呼吸物联网医学工程技术研究中心，上海 200032

5. 上海市呼吸病研究所，上海 200032

6. 中国肺癌防治联盟，上海 200032

［作者简介］ 傅文杰. E-mail： 22300240028@m.fudan.edu.cn

* 通信作者（Corresponding author）. Tel: 021-64041990, E-mail: yang.dawei@zs-hospital.sh.cn

［收稿日期］ 2024-06-02 ［接受日期］ 2024-06-25［发表日期］ 2024-06-28

［基金项目］ 国家自然科学基金（82170110），上海市浦江人才计划（20PJ1402400），上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项（青年英才）（JKKPYC-2023-A20），2020年度上海工程技术研究中心建设项目（20DZ2254400），福建省自然科学基金项目（2022D014）. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170110), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program (20PJ1402400), Project of Promoting Ability of Medical Science Popularization for Young Talents in Shanghai (JKKPYC-2023-A20), Project of Establishment of Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center in 2020  (20DZ2254400), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2022D014).

伦理声明 无。

利益冲突 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献 傅文杰：撰写论文；孙梦婷、杨达伟：修改论文。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/147257tqeuoq

闫宇  

中国医学科学院北京协和医院呼吸与危重症医学科，北京 100730  

1 摘要翻译  

该文由 Antonio Cerasa 撰写，于 2022 年在 Heliyon 上发表^［1］。自马克·扎克伯格宣布开发全新三维虚拟世界用于社交交流以来，这一技术引发了广泛讨论。元宇宙可能为心理健康领域，特别是心理障碍的治疗，开启新时代。创造的数字化身有助于促进医疗与个人健康。对于患有生理障碍（如饮食失调）或社交障碍（如孤独症）患者而言，这种技术可能带来显著益处。然而，元宇宙技术在治疗心理障碍方面的优势相较于虚拟现实（VR），尚不明朗。过去 20 年里，大量研究已证明 VR 技术在缓解疼痛、焦虑、压力方面的有效性，并在提升认知和社交技能方面取得了显著成果。我们推测，元宇宙将通过“多技术融合”（涵盖人工智能、可触控界面、物联网和区块链等）构建一个更为复杂的虚拟领域，能够重新诠释感官输入与反馈，促进新型沟通方式，超越传统自我身体表现。然而，目前尚缺乏明确的起点。因此，有必要在社会神经科学的背景下为这种新技术的应用构建一个理论框架，以便未来开发出针对心理健康问题的精准解决方案。

2 摘要解读与评论  

本文探讨了元宇宙在心理健康领域的潜力。作者首先指出元宇宙通过提供沉浸式虚拟体验，如利用虚拟化身创造“全身幻觉”，有助于治疗精神和心理疾病。与传统 VR 和增强现实（AR）技术相比，元宇宙的优势在于能够融合多种技术（如人工智能、物联网、区块链等），提供更为复杂和个性化的治疗方案。与传统 VR 相比，元宇宙更强调社会互动和内容生成，为心理健康领域开辟了新路径。  

文中提及白春学教授团队提出的“医学元宇宙”概念^［2］，即将元宇宙技术应用于医学领域，利用元宇宙平台创建一个虚拟环境，使患者与临床医生能够实时交流并共同参与整个临床诊疗过程。具体场景包括医生和患者在虚拟环境中进行检查、诊断和治疗，不受现实时间和空间的限制。这无疑缩小了区域医疗差异，使优质医疗资源触手可及。  

文章介绍了元宇宙在心理健康治疗中的 3 个核心技术和工具：身体具身化过程（embodiment process），即通过虚拟技术使患者对数字化身或其身体部分产生认同感；Proteus 效应，即人们的数字身份会影响其在虚拟世界中的行为，从而对现实行为产生积极影响；以及虚拟与物理世界的无缝融合，利用人工智能等技术提供高度个性化的治疗方案，并重塑患者的自我形象。  

文章还详细分析了元宇宙在生理障碍、神经性厌食症和孤独症等治疗中的应用。然而，元宇宙也面临一些风险与挑战，如 VR 滥用可能加剧精神疾病、个人健康数据的隐私和安全问题、以及虚拟化身的真实感可能对患者心理产生的影响。未来研发的重点应放在多用户环境中的心理健康治疗和多感官融合体验上。建议心理学家、工程师和计算机科学家合作开发更符合现实社交情境的虚拟平台，从而制定更合适的心理健康治疗方案。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/470725wuaqrx

王悦虹 

浙江大学医学院附属第一医院呼吸内科，杭州 310003，浙江

1　摘要翻译 

作者为 Massimo Massetti 和 Giovanni Alfonso  Chiariello，该文发表于欧洲心脏杂志^［1］。该文明确 提出元宇宙是一个通过专用的视听设备访问的虚 拟数字世界。在这个平行世界中，各种形式的人工智能相遇，包括以真实人物的数字副本（虚拟形象）形式出现的个体，能够进行社交互动。医学中的元宇宙可以以多种不同的方式使用，可以在相距数千英里的距离内进行远程手术，外科医生可以实时可视化查看患者的临床数据，包括诊断图像，这显然非常有吸引力。它也将可以在与患者临床特征相似的虚拟人身上进行医疗处理和采用药物治疗方案，从而提前观察治疗效果，并显著缩短临床试验的周期。元宇宙还可能会成为卓越的教育工具，提供交互式数字课程的可能性，允许进行解剖和研究详细的解剖结构，不仅用于学习，还能观察病理过程的演变，并提前在虚拟患者身上模拟外科或医疗操作。虽然人工智能已经应用于临床实践，但元宇宙仍处于初始阶段，为了了解其潜在的实用性和可靠性，还需要进一步探究^［1］。

2　摘要解读与评论 

作者在文中引用白春学^［2］ 教授团队首先提出的元宇宙医学专家共识，高度评价并预期元宇宙医学将在未来发挥重要作用。例如，将通过专用设备访问，实现各种人工智能的交互，包括真实人物的数副本。在心脏病学领域，元宇宙应用广泛，如远程手术、实时查看患者数据等，还可用于药物治疗 试验，通过化身观察效果，缩短试验时间。同时，元宇宙有望成为卓越教育工具，提供交互式数字课程，帮助学生详细研究解剖结构，理解病理过程，模拟手术或医疗程序。尽管人工智能已在临床实践中得到应用，但元宇宙仍处初级阶段，需进一步探索其潜在价值和可靠性。随着技术不断发展，元宇宙的未来可期。此外，作者在文中还给心血管病医生介绍了白春学教授团队防治肺癌的经验，其开发的系统可有效诊断肺结节中的早期肺癌，使所有接受手术的 60.3% 患者在 IA 期即获得早期诊断，将早期肺癌平均诊断年龄从 63 岁降至 50 岁。基于这一 经验，白春学医生介绍了新术语“人机多学科团队”^［3-4］ 。强调医生之间的互动协作和人工智能，后者被认为几乎是一个具有其身份和自主性的外部实体。这种新方法促进了早期肺癌的筛查、诊断和治疗。

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/872601dxoopi

刘思彤^1,2,3,4，肖 奎^1,2,3,4 

1. 中南大学湘雅二医院呼吸与危重症医学科，长沙 410011

2. 中南大学呼吸疾病研究所，长沙 410011

3. 湖南省呼吸与危重症疾病临床医学研究中心，长沙 410011

4. 中南大学呼吸疾病诊疗中心，长沙 410011

1　摘要翻译 

该文作者为Jiayi Sun，Wensheng Gan， HanChieh Chao，and Philip S Yu. 发表于 ACM 期刊^［1］。 作为多种新兴数字技术的集成体，元宇宙致力于打造一个虚拟共享的数字空间，旨在基于现实世界构建数字空间，形成虚拟经济系统，拓展人类活动范畴，为社会经济等领域注入新动力。本文首先阐述了元宇宙的发展历程、定义及特性等基本理念。接着，我们剖析了元宇宙的整体架构与支撑技术，并综述了其在多个常见领域的现状。最后，我们着重探讨了元宇宙面临的安全与隐私问题，并提出了相应的解决方案或研究方向，同时还讨论了其面临的挑战及潜在的研究路径。我们坚信，这份全面的综述能为多学科研究提供元宇宙的概览与研究方向指引。 

2　摘要解读与评论 

作者首先汇总了近年来元宇宙的不同定义，如 2003年^［2］将其描述为一个与现实世界并行存在的网 络空间，人们可通过三维虚拟空间以现实世界化身进行互动；2015 年^［3］则定义为一个在信息物理系统 中融合了物理、人类与技术的平台。元宇宙作为一 个开放概念，鼓励每位用户参与、编辑并丰富其内涵。作者还归纳了元宇宙的特点：时间与空间的拓展，虚拟与现实世界的交互，以及人类与计算机的 共生。 随后，作者首次提出了元宇宙的系统概述及其在教育、医学、智能城市、商业、文化、生产等多个领域的应用。鉴于元宇宙是一个开放、共享且持久的数字环境，其安全与隐私问题不容忽视，特别是在数据的获取与存储方面。作者为此提供了相应的解决方案，如确保服务提供方与用户方的安全，无论数据是存储在企业数据中心还是公共云的本地用户，管理员均需保障其安全，防止设备损坏等。合理的访问控制也至关重要，在元宇宙中应遵循最小权限原则^［4-5］，此外，重要数据的备份是数据安全与隐私保护的核心。 最后，作者聚焦于元宇宙的技术挑战与未来发展方向，讨论了包括数据、算力、交互技术及跨学科整合在内的挑战。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/653980lvrngi

朱娅琳^1,2,3,4，肖奎^1,2,3,4

1. 中南大学湘雅二医院呼吸与危重症医学科，长沙 410011

2. 中南大学呼吸疾病研究所，长沙 410011

3. 湖南省呼吸与危重症疾病临床医学研究中心，长沙 410011

4. 中南大学呼吸疾病诊疗中心，长沙 410011

1 摘要翻译

该文发表于 IEEE Access 杂志^［1］。COVID-19 大流行暴露了现有医疗保健系统的一些短板。因此，利用计算机媒介的虚拟环境来提供替代性医疗保健服务及新商业模式的创新迅速涌现。如今，数字化转型已不仅限于虚拟通信，还涵盖了利用元宇宙技术将医疗保健行业的社交网络数字化。元宇宙是一个由虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）技术构建的普遍且沉浸式的虚拟世界。本文首次对医疗保健行业中元宇宙的最新发展进行全面审视，涵盖了远程医疗、临床护理、教育、心理健康、身体健康、兽医和制药等 7 个领域。我们回顾了元宇宙的应用，并深入分析了每个领域面临的技术难题及可行的解决方案，旨在为医疗保健系统打造自给自足、持久且面向未来的解决方案。最后，本文强调了医疗保健行业全面采纳元宇宙前必须克服的挑战。

2 摘要解读与评论

作者在文中引用了白春学教授团队率先提出的元宇宙医学专家共识，指出随着元宇宙在医疗保健领域的日益普及，近期涌现了大量关于元宇宙在医疗各领域应用的研究。白教授团队的研究聚焦于元宇宙在医疗保健领域的技术应用层面，如 VR、AR 及物联网（IoT）与全息构建、全息仿真、虚拟现实集成和虚拟现实互联等技术的融合。基于此背景，本文分析了当前医疗保健行业的技术现状与元宇宙的技术基础设施。此外，本文还为研究人员指明了方向，即元宇宙如何助力医疗保健行业构建无缝、共享、并发且沉浸式的虚拟世界。例如，在临床治疗领域，医生们采用虚拟技术，根据 CT 扫描投射患者内部解剖结构的视觉图像，如骨骼和其他组织，为外科医生提供类似 X 射线的透视能力，从而在手术过程中提供更清晰的视野。总之，本文通过回顾医疗保健中各项技术的最新应用，在元宇宙领域内激发了更深入的讨论。对文章中讨论的关键主题的再现，为塑造未来几十年元宇宙的发展提供了重要框架。

DOI：https://doi.org/10.61189/506890erjolz

Laura Abate* and Larrie Greenberg

*Correspondence: Laura Abate leabate@gwu.edu School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA

Acknowledgements: Not applicable 

Authors' contributions: Both authors contributed to selection of articles, data extraction, and preparation of the manuscript. LEA developed the search strategies and LG drafted the discussion. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.

Funding: The authors did not receive funding for this article. Availability of data and materials PubMed search strategy and articles that met inclusion criteria are included in this manuscript. 

Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable 

Consent for publication: Not applicable 

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Iouri Gorbaneva ,  Alexandra Pomaresc , Vivian Delgadilloe , Francisco Yepesb and Óscar Muñoz

Contact: Iouri Gorbanev yurigor@javeriana.edu.co Economics and Management School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia

Ethical approval: The project was approved by the Authors’ University Ethics Committee.

Acknowledgements: The authors thank Yaneth Lizarazo for her help in developing the pedagogical dimension of the research. Author’s contributions Iouri Gorbanev, Sandra Agudelo-Londoño conceived the paper, collected and processed the data, and wrote the paper. Francisco Yepes, Ariel Cortes, Rafael Gonzalez, Alexandra Pomares, Vivian Delgadillo y Óscar Muñoz constructed the instrument, collected the data, and revised paper final version.

Disclosure statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding: This research was possible thanks to financial support provided by Pontificia Universidad Javeriana to the Project ‘APP CODIFICO – Aplicación didáctica móvilpara desarrollar capacidades de codificación diagnóstica en profesionales de medicina. Bogotá D.C, Colombia 2015’ [Project number IDPPTA 6891/IDPRY 7020].

Sultan Ayoub Meo^1*, Asim Hassan², Mansoor Aql³ and Adnan Mahmood Usmani²

¹ Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. ² University Diabetes Centre, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ³ Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

* Correspondence: sultanmeo@hotmail.com ¹Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 

Authors' contributions: MSA participated in the design of the study, acquisition of data, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. AH participated in the design of the study and revised the manuscript. AMU participated in acquisition and interpretation of data. MA helped MSA in the acquisition of data. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for supporting the work through the research group project (RGP-VPP 181). 

Thomas Kötter^1,2* , Silvia Isabelle Rose^1,2, Katja Goetz¹

¹Institute of Family Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany. ²Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre SchleswigHolstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

*Correspondence: thomas.koetter@uni-luebeck.de¹ Institute of Family Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Lübeck (fle reference 16–143). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent. 

Consent for publication: Not applicable. 

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Viren Kaull, MD; Alice Gallo de Moraes, MD; Dina Khateeb, DO; Yonatan Greenstein, MD; Gretchen Winter, MD; JuneMee Chae, MD; Nancy H. Stewart, DO, MS; Nida Qadir, MD; and Neha S. Dangayach, MD

AFFILIATIONS: From the Crouse Health/Upstate Medical University (V. Kaul); Mayo Clinic (A. Gallo de Moraes); Berks Schuylkill Respiratory Specialists (D. Khateeb); Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (Y. Greenstein); University of Alabama at Birmingham (G. Winter); Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare at La Crosse (J. M. Chae); University of Kansas Medical Center (N. H. Stewart); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (N. Qadir); and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (N. S. Dangayach).

CORRESPONDENCE TO: Viren Kaull, MD; e-mail: virenkaul@crousemed.com

Acknowledgments

Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: None declared.

Joan Carles , Carles Blay , Elisabet Sarri and Ramon Pujol

Correspondence: Joan Carles, Medical Education Cathedra, School of Medicine, University of VicCentral University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Acknowledgements: Not applicable.

Authors' contributions: JCT had the idea for the article, performed the literature search and data  analysis and drafted the frst version of the manuscript. CB, ES and RP contributed to the data analysis and suggested revisions to the manuscript. All  authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.

 
Funding: No funding was received for conducting this study.

 
Declarations Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from  the corresponding author on reasonable request.

 
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable for a literature review.

 
Consent for publication: Not applicable

 
Competing interests: All authors declare that they have no confict of interest.

Diane O’Doherty, Marie Dromey , Jason Last and Deirdre McGrath

Correspondence: diane.odoherty@ul.ie Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Acknowledgments: Liz Dore & Fintan Bracken, librarians based at the University of Limerick, and Diarmuid Stokes, librarian based at University College Dublin for their scoping advice.

 
Funding: Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick under the provision of Strategic Research Funding. The funding body played no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of data.

 
Availability of data and materials: Authors can confirm that all relevant data are included in the article and/or its supplementary information files.

Authors' contributions: DMG, AH & JL defined the research theme and designed the study. MD, DOD & JL were responsible for the acquisition of data. All authors analysed, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors helped to revise the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Constance LeBlan.^1,2,3 Lyn K. Sonenberg^4,5

¹ Dalhousie University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada. ² Dalhousie University, Associate Dean of Continuing Professional Development and Medical Education Research, Halifax, NS, Canada. ³ University of Alberta, Department of Pediatrics. Edmonton,AB, Canada. ⁴ University of Alberta. Associate Dean of Educational Innovation & Academic Technologies, Edmonton, AB, Canada. ⁵ Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. 

Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. med. Constance LeBlanc Dalhousie University, Department of Emergency Medicine and Associate Dean of Continuing professional Development adn Medical Education Research, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Constance.LeBlanc@Dal.Ca

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Halbert Bai^* 

Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT

^*To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Halbert Bai, MPH, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06511; Tel: 972-977- 6102, E-mail: halbert.bai@yale.edu

Jeason van Heesewijk¹  · Alex Kent² · Tim C. van de Grift^1,3 

Corresponding author: Jeason van Heesewijk j. vanheesewijk@amsterdamumc.nl

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Linko Izumi for her assistance with the literature search and article selection.

Author contributions Conceptualization: MM, Tim van de Grift; Literature search and data analysis: AK, JvanH; Writing – original draft preparation: AK, JvanH, MM; Terminology: AH, MM; Critical revision: MM, TvandeG, AlH; Formatting and fnal preparation of manuscript: JvanH. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. 

Funding: No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. 

Confict of interest: The authors have no relevant fnancial or non-fnancial interests to disclose

Bayan Sharif-Chan, PharmD,^a Dipti Tankala, PharmD,^a Christine Leong, PharmD, BScPhm,^b Zubin Austin, PhD, MBA, MIS, BScPhm,^a Marisa Battistella, PharmD, BScPhm^a

^aUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ^bUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Corresponding Author: Marisa Battistella, Toronto General Hosptial, 200 Elizabeth St., EB 214 – Pharmacy Department M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Tel: 416-340-4800, Ext. 3207. Fax: 416-340-3685. E-mail: marisa.battistella@uhn.ca

Temple B. Ratcliffe, MD^1,2, Meghan B. Crabtree, MS³, Raymond G. Palmer, PhD¹, Jacqueline B. Pugh, MD^1,2

¹ University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; ²South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; ³University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

Corresponding Author: Temple B. Ratcliffe, MD; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA (e-mail: ratcliffe@uthscsa.edu). 

Funders: The research reported here was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (CDA 07–022). 

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the members of the teams involved in this study. 

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.

Hirota Onishi

 
Department of International Cooperation for Medical Education, International Research Center for Medical Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Acknowledgements: None.

 
Funding: None.

Conflicts of interest: No potential conflict of interest  relevant to this article was reported.

 
Author contributions: Drafting, critical revision, and  final approval for publication by HO.

Kathere He ^{a, b} , Edward Wang ^{a, b} , Gen Kristo^a

^aDepartment of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. ^bDepartment of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Corresponding author: Kathere He, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, (112-C), 1400, VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA. E-mail address: gentian.kristo@va.gov (G. Kristo)

Christopher Wittich, MD, PharmD¹ , Karen  Mauck, MD, MS¹ , Jayawant  Mandrekar, PhD² , Karol  Gluth, BA³ ,  Thomas J. Beckman, MD¹

 
¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; ² Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; ³ Mayo School of Continuous Professional Development Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Corresponding Author: Christopher  Wittich, MD, PharmD; Department of Internal Medicine and College of Medicine Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (e-mail: Wittich.christopher@mayo.edu).

Acknowledgments: We acknowledge Ms. Gail Ludens for her administrative support.

 
Funding: None. 

Conflict of Interest: None disclosed.

 
Ethical Approval: This study was deemed exempt by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.

¹Ricardo Franco, ¹José Machado, ¹Renato Satovschi,  ²Gustavo José Martiniano

¹Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; ²Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul USCS, Curso de Medicina, Campus Bela Vista, Brazil

Correspondence: Ricardo Franco, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Ibirapuera n. 981. Sao Paulo, Brazil. Email: rlof2001@hotmail.com

Attributions of each researcher author: All authors were actively and substantively involved in the  design and execution of this project. All authors participated Int J Med Educ. 2019;10:180-190 187  in the identification of keywords and the search strategy.  RLOF and JLMM independently read and analyzed the studies identified via the keyword search and participated in tabulating data for analysis and data extraction. All research authors discussed the focus of each study independently. All  authors participated in the analysis and interpretation of  data, as well as in the preparation of the final text. All authors  have read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.