随着虚拟现实（virtual reality， VR）技术的迅速发展，其在娱乐、教育、医疗等领域的广泛应用为社会带来了显著的创新与便利。然而，随着技术的普及，生理与心理健康方面的伦理风险也逐渐显现，尤其是在长时间使用和高沉浸度体验的情况下。本文从伦理学的角度出发，构建了一个多维度的虚拟现实技术伦理风险框架，涵盖了个人层面的生理健康与心理健康风险、个体与社会互动层面的社会冷漠与虚拟社区责任感缺失、以及社会制度层面的隐私保护与知识产权问题。基于这些风险，本文提出了技术治理的系统性路径，包括多方协同的治理模式、教育与赋能的伦理意识提升、以及技术创新与伦理约束的相互促进。通过政府、科技企业、心理学研究机构与教育部门的常态化协作，结合用户反馈与参与，本文倡导构建一个开放、 透明、包容的人性化技术生态系统，最终推动虚拟现实技术的可持续发展，并促进个体与群体福祉的平衡。

With the rapid development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, its widespread applications in entertainment, education, healthcare, and other fields have brought significant innovations and conveniences to society. However, as the technology becomes more prevalent, ethical risks related to physical and mental health have also become increasingly evident, particularly in the context of prolonged use and high-immersion experiences. This paper constructs a multi-dimensional ethical risk framework for VR technology, addressing risks at the personal level (physical and mental health risks), the individual-social interaction level (social indifference and lack of virtual community responsibility), and the societal-institutional level (privacy protection and intellectual property issues). Based on these risks, this paper proposes a systematic approach to ethical governance, including a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance model, ethical awareness enhancement through education and empowerment, and the mutual promotion of technological innovation and ethical constraints. By fostering continuous collaboration among government, tech companies, psychological research institutions, and educational departments, and incorporating user feedback and participation, the paper advocates for the construction of an open, transparent, and inclusive human-centered technological ecosystem. Ultimately, this approach aims to ensure the sustainable development of VR technology while balancing individual and societal well-being.