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Research Article

Open Access

Development and evaluation of a portable, wireless endoscopic shaving system for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery

Chao Qi

Suzhou Dajiang Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215011, Jiangsu, China.

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Kunyu Chen

230259214@seu.edu.cn

State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.

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Jianfei Sun

sunzaghi@seu.edu.cn

State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.

2026 Jul;4(3):178-186

https://doi.org/10.61189/717024hgfqnu

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Objective: Due to the shortcomings of large size, operational complexity, infection risks, and high costs, traditional endoscopic shaving systems are limited in complex surgical procedures and primary healthcare settings. To address these limitations, this study proposes the design of a portable endoscopic surgical shaving system as an alternative to traditional systems. Methods: Wireless operation was achieved by integrating the control, power supply, and sensing modules into a detachable handle unit, thereby eliminating dependence on external host devices and cables while reducing the cost of fabrication. Additionally, the system performance was systematically evaluated and compared with thereby eliminating clinical products. Results: Experimental results suggest that the system meets clinical requirements in terms of power output, mechanical characteristics, noise emission, and cutting efficiency of the shaving head. While achieving the functional equivalence to conventional systems, it effectively addresses their inherent limitations. In addition, the cleaning efficiency is significantly improved by the modular detachable design, thereby reducing infection risk. The wireless connection function realized by Bluetooth technology can be linked with the tablet device for real-time speed adjustment and performance monitoring, which greatly improves the intelligence level of the system. Conclusion: The portable endoscope shaving system proposed in this paper, through portable engineering design, achieves structural innovation, cost reduction, and infection risk control. Its properties are comparable to the clinical products, which meet the needs of minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, and show a good clinical application prospect.

Review Article

Open Access

Fluorescence-enhanced isothermal amplification for multiplex pathogen detection: Emerging strategies and persistent challenges

Yuanshou Zhu

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Xitian Xu

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Yuxin Chen

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Mengyuan Huang

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Shoulong Wang

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Haoyu Li

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Zhigang Zhu

zgzhu@usst.edu.cn

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):187-206

https://doi.org/10.61189/056765fjgmye

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Multiplex pathogen detection is essential for addressing the increasing complexity of infectious diseases and co-infections, yet conventional polymerase chain reaction-based methods remain hindered by the requirement for sophisticated laboratory infrastructure. Isothermal amplification offers a robust alternative for point-of-care testing, though high-order multiplexing in these systems has historically been limited by signal discrimination challenges. In this review, we synthesize recent breakthroughs in fluorescence-enhanced isothermal amplification, which have transformed multiplex diagnostics through advanced signal encoding and intelligent processing. We illustrate how the convergence of diverse molecular engines, ranging from sequence-specific probes to orthogonal clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated effectors and programmable DNA logic circuits, enables precise, multi-target identification in a single reaction. Beyond the biochemical framework, we further discuss the integration of these molecular strategies with microfluidic platforms, portable optical detection systems, and deep learning-based signal analysis, which collectively facilitate the transition from laboratory prototypes to automated diagnostic platforms. Finally, we examine persistent challenges, including assay crosstalk and amplification bias, and outline future directions toward accessible and scalable multiplex diagnostic systems.

Review Article

Open Access

Immunotherapy and related nanodevices for Helicobacter pylori

Haowei Wu

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

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Jing Wang

Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang, China.

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Tinglin Zhang

Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maritime Medicine and Pharmaceutical Device Conversion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

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Jie Gao

gaojiehighclea@smmu.edu.cn.

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maritime Medicine and Pharmaceutical Device Conversion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang, China.

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Haipo Cui

h_b_cui@163.com.

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):207-215

https://doi.org/10.61189/898162fzxeag

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Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection poses a major global health challenge. As antibiotic resistance continues to rise, the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies has become increasingly limited. Immunotherapy has gained substantial research interest due to its potential to overcome resistance and elicit durable immune responses. This article systematically reviews current immunotherapeutic strategies for HP, with an emphasis on recent advances in vaccine and antibody-based therapies, and particularly highlights the application of nanodevice-based immunotherapy. Furthermore, it analyzes the major challenges hindering the development and clinical translation of HP immunotherapy and outlines future research directions, aiming to inform the design of more effective strategies for the prevention and control of HP infection.

Review Article

Open Access

Transformer-based methods for remote photoplethysmography in non-contact physiological measurement: A review

Miaomiao Peng

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Rongguo Yan

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Xudong Guo

guoxd@usst.edu.cn

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):216-229

https://doi.org/10.61189/773422coislv

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Traditional contact-based physiological monitoring techniques are limited by their comfort and convenience, making them unsuitable for continuous and unobtrusive monitoring in medical environments and daily healthcare applications. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact physiological sensing technique that estimates vital physiological signals, such as heart rate and respiration rate, from subtle skin color variations captured in facial videos. However, the practical application of rPPG remains challenging because the physiological signals extracted from facial regions of interest are weak and can be easily overwhelmed by non-stationary noise, such as changes in ambient illumination and subject head motion, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, Transformer architectures have demonstrated strong capabilities in global dependency modeling through self-attention mechanism, enabling effective extraction of long-range temporal physiological features while suppressing global interference. These advantages provide a new paradigm to overcome the performance bottlenecks of conventional rPPG methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress on Transformer-based rPPG research. Specifically, it covers multiple research directions, including pure Transformer end-to-end model, CNN-Transformer hybrid model, multi-stream information fusion frameworks, lightweight models for edge deployment, self-supervised learning frameworks, and extended applications in physiological monitoring. Additionally, this review discusses current limitations and challenges of Transformer-based rPPG systems and highlights future research opportunities for developing new non-contact physiological monitoring technologies.

Research Article

Open Access

ALF-Surg: Atomic language-guided few-shot surgical phase recognition

Houlong He

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Lin Mao

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Chengli Song

csong@usst.edu.cn

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):230-244

https://doi.org/10.61189/436470jdqdrx

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Objective: To enhance the generalization and transferability of visual-language models (VLMs) pre-trained with extensive clinical data for surgical phase recognition (SPR) and workflow analysis tasks, this paper proposes Atomic Language-Guided Few-Shot Surgical Phase Recognition (ALF-Surg), a lightweight framework designed for efficient adaptation of VLMs to diverse procedures and clinical sites under few-shot settings. Methods: We leverage the rich medical knowledge contained in large language models to transform high-level annotations into vision-based atomic action descriptions, thereby injecting rich spatiotemporal cues and instrument-tissue interaction semantics. A fine-grained multimodal fusion module is applied to jointly encode vision–language features, forming stable and discriminative atomic-level and class-level prototypes. Furthermore, we propose a multi-level multimodal matching strategy, which performs video-video and video-text alignment at both atomic and phase levels to ensure robust decision-making. Results: ALF-Surg was extensively evaluated on three multi-institutional and multi-procedure datasets, including Cholec80, BernBypass70, and StrasBypass70. Compared with zero-shot transfer, ALF-Surg achieves significant accuracy improvements using only eight labeled frames per class (1-shot gains of +13.65%, +30.00%, and +35.03%, respectively). Compared with state-of-the-art few-shot baselines, ALF-Surg consistently establishes new performance records across these datasets. Conclusion: Experimental results demonstrate that ALF-Surg achieves robust SPR with minimal supervision across diverse surgical settings.

Research Article

Open Access

Simulation based on temporal interference of transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

Zhiyuan Zhao

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Wenjie Yu

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Chengli Song

csong@usst.edu.cn

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):245-255

https://doi.org/10.61189/229030kwzevg

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Objective: The aim was to assess how the spatial resolution and the targeting capability of peripheral electrical stimulation influence the treatment of resting tremors in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Firstly, NEURON 8.0 and the Hodgkin-Huxley model were used to analyze the low-frequency properties of neurons. Then, a simplified three-layer human model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to examine how different frequency currents penetrate biological tissues. Additionally, a two-dimensional temporal interference model was used to study how the electrode configuration affects the interference area. Results: The simulations clearly showed that the interference electric field goes deep under the skin and soft tissues, thus generating stable interference signals. Furthermore, the validation of the experiments indicated that the generated interference electric stimulation signals were stable and their parameters were reproducible. Hence, this technology allows non-invasive deep control of the nervous system via peripheral nerve pathways, thus avoiding surgical risks, which is a step forward in comparison with existing methods. Conclusion: By using the physical principle of “external carrier-internal interference”, this work has come up with a novel non-invasive way for PD tremor treatment which solves the problem of spatial limitations of conventional electrical stimulation. Also, the parameter optimization and simulation results provide a great level of technical support for the development of closed-loop devices for PD treatment.

Research Article

Open Access

An influenza forecasting model based on RG-EEMD-TFT

Defu Lin

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Zhaoxue Chen

chenzhaoxue@163.com

School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):256-268

https://doi.org/10.61189/533372paermj

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Objective: To improve the accuracy of influenza forecasting, this study proposes a Reconstruction Grouping–Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition–Temporal Fusion Transformer (RG-EEMD-TFT) model designed to address the nonlinear, non-stationary, and multi-scale characteristics of influenza surveillance time series, while addressing the limitations of conventional deep learning models in terms of feature redundancy and interpretability. Methods: Weekly influenza-like illness (ILI) data from Colorado, USA, were used in this study. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) was first applied to decompose the original series into several intrinsic mode functions and a residual component. A reconstruction grouping (RG) strategy was then used to reorganize the decomposed signals into high-frequency, seasonal, and trend components, which were subsequently used as inputs to a Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT). Hyperparameter optimization was performed using the Neural Network Intelligence (NNI) framework. Results: Models incorporating signal decomposition consistently outperformed their non-decomposed counterparts. The proposed RG-EEMD-TFT model outperformed all comparison models, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.318, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.012%, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.409. Conclusion: By integrating EEMD, reconstruction grouping, and TFT, the proposed RG-EEMD-TFT model effectively captures the multi-scale temporal characteristics of influenza activity and improves forecasting accuracy.

Review Article

Open Access

Recent advances and applications in biodegradable vascular stents

Kaiyu Gu

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Yuxiao Li

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Chengli Song

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

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Lin Mao

linmao@usst.edu.cn

Shanghai Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

2026 Sep;4(3):269-283

https://doi.org/10.61189/289827yamkhx

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Vascular stent implantation is one of the most important and effective methods for treating vascular stenosis or occlusion. To overcome the long-term side effects associated with permanent traditional bare-metal stents and drug-eluting stents in vivo, biodegradable vascular stents (BVSs) have been developed. BVSs can be classified into biodegradable polymer stents and biodegradable metal stents based on their material properties. In recent years, numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials have verified the feasibility and safety of different BVSs, including polymer-, magnesium-, iron-, and zinc-based stents, demonstrating their unique advantages while also revealing their limitations in clinical translation. This review summarizes the current status, challenges, and optimization strategies of BVSs according to existing research and discusses the translational applications of these stents in different vascular systems. Coronary artery stents are currently the most mature BVSs in clinical application, while cerebrovascular stents, peripheral vascular stents, and extravascular stents still require further research and development as well as clinical validation. As research and technological advancements continue, BVSs are expected to gradually be applied in most treatment scenarios for vascular diseases, ultimately realizing the goal of physiological vascular repair and regeneration. Next-generation BVSs will integrate diverse intelligent functions and precision customization strategies while satisfying fundamental clinical requirements, thereby helping overcome the bottlenecks of current BVSs.

Volume 4, Issue 3

Volume 4, Issue 3