Wen-Hui Guo^1,*, Qing-Lai Zang^2,*, Bing Xu¹, Tian-Ying Xu¹, Zhan-Heng Chen¹, Miao Zhou³

¹School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.

^*The authors contribute equally.

Address correspondence to: Zhan-Heng Chen, School of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Tel: +86 21 81872034. E-mail: chenzhanheng17@mails.ucas.ac.cn; Miao Zhou, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China. Tel: +86 18217567295. E-mail: zhoumiao@jszlyy.com.cn.

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62002297, 62073225, and 61836005), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20XD1434400), the Talent Development Fund of Shanghai (2020075), the Medical-Engineering Cross Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2022QN043), and the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project (2021AC19394). The authors would like to thank all the guest editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/536468bkwzzn

Received July 21, 2023; Accepted November 15, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights

● This review introduces the core concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) and describes the most commonly encountered computerized functioning of AI in anesthesiology.

● This survey systematically presents the main clinical applications of AI in anesthesia and perioperative medicine according to the perioperative phases.

● The advantages and disadvantages of introducing AI into the medical field are also discussed to explore the career development direction of anesthesiologists in the future.

¹School of Anesthesiology, ²Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China. ³School of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthetic Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. 

Address correspondence to: Shangping Fang, Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang West Road, Lugang Street, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. Tel: 19855362767; E-mail: 20180041@wnmc.edc.cn.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Key Project Research Fund of Wannan Medical College (WK2022Z10) and Research Grant for College Students of Wannan Medical College (WK2022XS26). 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/270899wnwlnz 

Received September 17, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights 

● The approaches of antioxidant therapy to alleviate sepsis-associated liver injury are summarized from the per spective of oxidative stress in different cells of the liver. 

● Reactive oxygen species, one of the main substances that induce oxidative stress, affects the molecular mecha nism of the relevant signaling pathways. 

 ● Antioxidant therapy is helpful for the recovery of various liver cells in sepsis-associated liver injury and is expect- ed to advance basic and clinical research.

Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda^1,2, Christopher Etherton-Beer^1,2, Leon Flicker<sup>1,2

1</sup>Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. ²School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.

Address correspondence to: Mayura Thilanka Iddagoda, Perioperative Medical Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia. Phone: +61 8 9224 2244; Email: Mayura.Iddagoda@ health.wa.gov.au.

Acknowledgement: Royal Australasian College of Physicians (Research Entry Scholarship).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/956852bomilz

Received October 23, 2023; Accepted November 21, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights
● Iron deffciency is the commonest cause for anaemia in patients undergoing surgeries, and this review summarizes its implications.

● Intravenous iron is a better treatment option for iron deffciency than other iron preparations.
● Body iron metabolism is a complex process, and evidence is confficting on iron supplementation in surgical patients.
● Intravenous iron replacement, as a part of patient blood management, has shown benefft in perioperative anaemia.

Guangkuo Ma^1,2, Ziwei Xia^1,2, Huanjia Xue^1,2, Hui Wu1,2, Congyou Wu², Liwei Wang^1,2, Kai Wang<sup>1,2

1</sup>Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.

Address correspondence to: Kai Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China. Tel: 18112012729. E-mail: wangkaistream99@ xzhmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology of Xuzhou Central Hospital. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/526064kphcum

Received November 1, 2023; Accepted November 28, 2023; Published March 31, 2024

Highlights
● Maintaining anesthesia depth within speciffc ranges, as indicated by electroencephalography monitors, may reduce the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
● Quantitative analysis of electroencephalography data can provide insights into the characteristics of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, aiding in its early detection and diagnosis.
● Combining electroencephalography with functional magnetic resonance imaging may enhance the assessment of brain function and improve the accuracy of monitoring devices.