Obstetric and perinatal anesthesia, while crucial for maternal and neonatal health, carries inherent risks that necessitate careful management and resource optimization to ensure patient safety. Improvements in anesthesia methods, ultrasound-assisted blocks, multimodal analgesia and accelerated rehabilitation protocols have enabled individualized and precise control of postoperative pain to be achieved more readily. Risk analysis, dynamic observation, and personalized intervention can all significantly lower the rates of hypotension, nausea and vomiting, and nerve injury. International practice variations highlight how resource availability—including staffing levels and expertise—and adherence to clinical guidelines profoundly impact maternal and neonatal outcomes, underscoring that scientific resource optimization is essential for ensuring safety and enhancing efficiency. This perspective discusses the current trends in perinatal anesthesia, focusing on risk minimization and resource utilization. By synthesizing recent advancements and practice variations, we aim to offer a conceptual framework and valuable insights for clinicians making management decisions.

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