Iouri Gorbaneva ,  Alexandra Pomaresc , Vivian Delgadilloe , Francisco Yepesb and Óscar Muñoz

Contact: Iouri Gorbanev yurigor@javeriana.edu.co Economics and Management School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia

Ethical approval: The project was approved by the Authors’ University Ethics Committee.

Acknowledgements: The authors thank Yaneth Lizarazo for her help in developing the pedagogical dimension of the research. Author’s contributions Iouri Gorbanev, Sandra Agudelo-Londoño conceived the paper, collected and processed the data, and wrote the paper. Francisco Yepes, Ariel Cortes, Rafael Gonzalez, Alexandra Pomares, Vivian Delgadillo y Óscar Muñoz constructed the instrument, collected the data, and revised paper final version.

Disclosure statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding: This research was possible thanks to financial support provided by Pontificia Universidad Javeriana to the Project ‘APP CODIFICO – Aplicación didáctica móvilpara desarrollar capacidades de codificación diagnóstica en profesionales de medicina. Bogotá D.C, Colombia 2015’ [Project number IDPPTA 6891/IDPRY 7020].

Bayan Sharif-Chan, PharmD,^a Dipti Tankala, PharmD,^a Christine Leong, PharmD, BScPhm,^b Zubin Austin, PhD, MBA, MIS, BScPhm,^a Marisa Battistella, PharmD, BScPhm^a

^aUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ^bUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Corresponding Author: Marisa Battistella, Toronto General Hosptial, 200 Elizabeth St., EB 214 – Pharmacy Department M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Tel: 416-340-4800, Ext. 3207. Fax: 416-340-3685. E-mail: marisa.battistella@uhn.ca

Diane O’Doherty, Marie Dromey , Jason Last and Deirdre McGrath

Correspondence: diane.odoherty@ul.ie Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Acknowledgments: Liz Dore & Fintan Bracken, librarians based at the University of Limerick, and Diarmuid Stokes, librarian based at University College Dublin for their scoping advice.

 
Funding: Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick under the provision of Strategic Research Funding. The funding body played no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of data.

 
Availability of data and materials: Authors can confirm that all relevant data are included in the article and/or its supplementary information files.

Authors' contributions: DMG, AH & JL defined the research theme and designed the study. MD, DOD & JL were responsible for the acquisition of data. All authors analysed, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors helped to revise the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

¹Ricardo Franco, ¹José Machado, ¹Renato Satovschi,  ²Gustavo José Martiniano

¹Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brazil; ²Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul USCS, Curso de Medicina, Campus Bela Vista, Brazil

Correspondence: Ricardo Franco, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual (IAMSPE), Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Av. Ibirapuera n. 981. Sao Paulo, Brazil. Email: rlof2001@hotmail.com

Attributions of each researcher author: All authors were actively and substantively involved in the  design and execution of this project. All authors participated Int J Med Educ. 2019;10:180-190 187  in the identification of keywords and the search strategy.  RLOF and JLMM independently read and analyzed the studies identified via the keyword search and participated in tabulating data for analysis and data extraction. All research authors discussed the focus of each study independently. All  authors participated in the analysis and interpretation of  data, as well as in the preparation of the final text. All authors  have read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Joan Carles , Carles Blay , Elisabet Sarri and Ramon Pujol

Correspondence: Joan Carles, Medical Education Cathedra, School of Medicine, University of VicCentral University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Acknowledgements: Not applicable.

Authors' contributions: JCT had the idea for the article, performed the literature search and data  analysis and drafted the frst version of the manuscript. CB, ES and RP contributed to the data analysis and suggested revisions to the manuscript. All  authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.

 
Funding: No funding was received for conducting this study.

 
Declarations Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from  the corresponding author on reasonable request.

 
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable for a literature review.

 
Consent for publication: Not applicable

 
Competing interests: All authors declare that they have no confict of interest.

Kathere He ^{a, b} , Edward Wang ^{a, b} , Gen Kristo^a

^aDepartment of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. ^bDepartment of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Corresponding author: Kathere He, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, (112-C), 1400, VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA. E-mail address: gentian.kristo@va.gov (G. Kristo)

Hirota Onishi

 
Department of International Cooperation for Medical Education, International Research Center for Medical Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Acknowledgements: None.

 
Funding: None.

Conflicts of interest: No potential conflict of interest  relevant to this article was reported.

 
Author contributions: Drafting, critical revision, and  final approval for publication by HO.

Christopher Wittich, MD, PharmD¹ , Karen  Mauck, MD, MS¹ , Jayawant  Mandrekar, PhD² , Karol  Gluth, BA³ ,  Thomas J. Beckman, MD¹

 
¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; ² Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; ³ Mayo School of Continuous Professional Development Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Corresponding Author: Christopher  Wittich, MD, PharmD; Department of Internal Medicine and College of Medicine Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (e-mail: Wittich.christopher@mayo.edu).

Acknowledgments: We acknowledge Ms. Gail Ludens for her administrative support.

 
Funding: None. 

Conflict of Interest: None disclosed.

 
Ethical Approval: This study was deemed exempt by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.