Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality in Metropolitan Areas: A Multilevel Analysis-ZENTIME PUBLISHING CORPORATION LIMITED

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Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality in Metropolitan Areas: A Multilevel Analysis

Authors: Rongqiang Zhang¹, Song Su², Hui Liu³*

Affiliations:

¹ Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China

² The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

³ Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

*Corresponding Author:Hui Liu, Email: huiliu_ebm@163.com

Abstract

This multilevel study investigates socioeconomic predictors of COVID-19 mortality across 50 metropolitan areas. Neighborhood-level poverty, household crowding, and racial composition significantly predicted mortality rates after adjusting for individual-level factors. The results highlight structural determinants of pandemic outcomes.

Keywords: COVID-19; Social Determinants of Health; Health Equity; Multilevel Analysis; Mortality; Pandemic Response

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