Tian Zhou¹, Chenglong Zhu¹, Feixiang Wu², Xingzhi Liao³, Wenyun Xu⁴, Hui Chen⁵, Jinlong Qu⁶, Jinfei Shi⁷, Yaohua Yu⁸, Ying Huang⁹, Miao Zhou¹⁰, Hua Tang¹¹, Shengyun Cai¹², Wenchao Gao¹³, Zui Zou¹

¹School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. ²Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. ³Department of Anesthesiology, The 904th Hospital of the Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu Province, China. ⁴Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China. ⁵Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China. ⁶Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ⁷Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital of the Armed Police, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China. ⁸Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China. ⁹Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China. ¹⁰Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China. ¹¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. ¹²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ¹³Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.

Address correspondence to: Shengyun Cai, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Email: caicai24@126.com. Wenchao Gao, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China. Email: gaowenchao2007@163.com. Zui Zou, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Email: zouzui@smmu.edu.cn.

Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the following projects: Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Project (HCXBCY - 2023 – 041, XTCX - KJ - 2024 - 39, HCXBCY - 2024 – 033), 2024 Basic Medicine Innovation Open Topic (JCKFKT - MS - 002), and the 2024 Annual Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Key Research Project of the China Medicine Education Association (2024KTZ011).