Combat trauma hemostasis techniques are crucial for modern military medicine in addressing the challenges posed by high-energy destructive weapons. As reported, the incidence of vascular injuries during the Vietnam War was approximately 2%, while that during the Iraq War ranged from 4.4% to 8.2%. Meanwhile, massive hemorrhage caused by various types of vascular injuries is the primary factor leading to acute death among potentially survivable casualties during wartime. This paper provides a detailed exploration of the research progress in combat trauma hemostasis, with a focus on analyzing vascular injuries and uncontrolled bleeding caused by high-energy destructive weapons in modern warfare. Starting from the pathophysiological characteristics of combat trauma, it introduces the four-level priority treatment system established by North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care, and emphasizes the importance of the "Golden 1-Hour" principle in improving casualty survival rates. The physiological mechanisms of blood coagulation are outlined, followed by an in-depth analysis of both traditional and novel hemostatic techniques, including tourniquets, hemostatic dressings, and auxiliary hemostatic materials. Finally, the challenges faced by combat trauma hemostasis technologies are discussed, along with future development directions.