心肺复苏（cardiopulmonary resuscitation，CPR）是挽救心搏骤停患者生命的核心技能，其普及程度直接决定了院外抢救的成功率。然而，无论在公众教育还是专业医护培训中，传统 CPR 教学方式仍存在很多局限。近年来，随着人工智能、虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）、增强现实以及元宇宙相关技术的发展，沉浸式交互训练逐渐被用于医学教育领域，成为 CPR 培训模式创新的重要方向。本文综述了 CPR VR 系统的研究进展和挑战，为未来技术开发提供思路。

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical life-saving skill, and its widespread adoption is closely associated with the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, traditional CPR training remains several limitations. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality, and metaverse-related technologies, immersive training has emerged as a promising innovation in medical education, particularly in CPR instruction. This article reviews the research progress and challenges of VR-based CPR system, and provides ideas for future technology development.