Iontophoresis and Sonophoresis: Enhancing Transdermal Drug Delivery-ZENTIME PUBLISHING CORPORATION LIMITED

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Iontophoresis and Sonophoresis: Enhancing Transdermal Drug Delivery

Wei Wu¹, Yi Lu², Qing Wang³^*

¹ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China

² Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
³ School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Corresponding Author:Qing Wang, Email: qwang@dlut.edu.cn

Abstract

Iontophoresis and sonophoresis are active enhancement techniques that overcome the skin’s barrier function, enabling the delivery of charged molecules and macromolecules. This review explores the mechanisms, advantages, and clinical applications of these techniques, focusing on their role in delivering peptides, proteins, and vaccines. Recent advancements in device design and combination strategies are also discussed, highlighting their potential for personalized dermatotherapy.

Keywords: Iontophoresis; Sonophoresis; Transdermal Delivery; Active Enhancement; Macromolecules

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