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Metaverse in Medicine
Commentary
Open Access
New quality productivity empowers the health of the elderly
WANG Yuehong
WANG Yuehong
The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
,
JIANG Weipeng
JIANG Weipeng
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai 201104, China
,
HU Jie
HU Jie
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai 201104, China
,
BAI Chunxue
BAI Chunxue
bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineer & Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
2025,2(2):13-20
https://doi.org/10.61189/914837bcvytz
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WANG Y H,JIANG W P,HU J,et al. New quality productivity empowers the health of the elderly[J]. Metaverse Med,2025,2(2):13-20.
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The health of the elderly needs to be managed in four dimensions: physiological, psychological, functional and social, so as to delay decline, prevent diseases and increase longevity, and improve life satisfaction in a scientific way. However, the elderly in China face challenges such as chronic diseases, weak awareness of health management, lack of psychological services, and barriers to the use of digital tools, coupled with the increasing proportion of people living alone and empty nests, insufficient social support, and uneven medical resources, which further exacerbate health risks. New quality productivity empowers elderly care has become the key to breaking the situation, and technologies such as smart wearable and smart medical care can improve medical accessibility and management efficiency. AI robots alleviate loneliness, and digital technology enables precision health management. It can integrate long-term care insurance and community smart health care resources to form a new one-stop pension model. Intelligent monitoring and telemedicine, digital therapeutics, VR and other technologies can be applied to disease management, rehabilitation training, and optimization of treatment plans. Smart elderly care and home care combine AI nutritionists, blockchain and other technologies to provide personalized services. Data-driven can achieve precise health management, take into account privacy and security, and build closed-loop services. Community smart health care provides digital social and emotional care through intelligent environmental perception and AI health huts to optimize service quality. The expected effects include an increase in the accident recognition rate, a shortened response time, a decrease in the accident rate, and an improvement in self-care ability.


Key Words: health of the elderly; generative pre-training transformer; internet of things; artificial intelligence; augmented reality; virtual reality

Metaverse in Medicine
Editorial
Open Access
AI empowers future medicine and opens a new chapter in the medical model
GU Jianying
GU Jianying
Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
,
SONG Zhenju
SONG Zhenju
Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
,
BAI Chunxue
BAI Chunxue
Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2025,2(1):4-5
https://doi.org/10.61189/836906jsrdpz
PDF CITE
GU J Y,SONG Z J,BAI C X. AI empowers future medicine and opens a new chapter in the medical model[J]. Metaverse Med,2025,2(1):4-5.
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Metaverse in Medicine
Review
Open Access
Research progress and prospects of AI+ empowering chest X-ray and CT in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases
YE Xiaodan
YE Xiaodan
Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
,
BAI Chunxue
BAI Chunxue
bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai Engineer & Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
2025,2(4):10-16
https://doi.org/10.61189/502219wgjrhc
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YE X D,BAI C X. Research progress and prospects of AI+ empowering chest X-ray and CT in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases[J]. Metaverse Med,2025,2(4):10-16.
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Lung diseases have long been at the forefront of global mortality and disability, although chest X-ray and CT are the basic entrances for screening, diagnosis and follow-up, they are exposed to limitations such as miss diagnosis, misdiagnosis and insufficient quantification under high load and complex disease spectrum. The rise of deep learning, radiomics, and multimodal large models has made Artificial Intelligence (AI) a key driving force for chest images to move from "reading tools" to "system engineering". AI has significantly improved detection, segmentation, phenotypic quantification, and risk prediction capabilities in multi-spectrum tasks such as lung nodules/lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, interstitial lung disease (ILD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), small airways, and pulmonary vascular diseases, and has stabilized key indicators such as doubling time, fibrosis burden, and airway remodeling, becoming an important technical basis for the implementation of Fleischner, American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), and China guidelines. In prevention and screening, AI supports the identification of high-risk groups, large-scale chest X-ray screening, LDCT risk stratification, and early detection of subclinical abnormalities such as ILA and small airway disease, which can be combined with health management, digital twins, and metaverse platforms to build a forward-moving defense line intervention model. Physicians and patients generate structured reports, provide "guide online" decision support, and output differentiated explanations by using imaging diagnostic models and medical GPTs. AI also empowers radiotherapy planning, preoperative navigation, treatment response prediction, and lung function estimation, promoting image-function integration and individualized long-term management for treatment and follow-up. In the future, it will focus on the construction of general chest imaging large models, the deep integration of 5P medicine, the construction of federated learning and global collaborative data networks, and move from "intelligent imaging links" to the whole course of the disease system project that connects "hospital-community-family-cloud-metaverse", so that chest X-ray and CT will become the key infrastructure of the digital respiratory health ecosystem.


Key Words: AI; Lung cancer screening; radiomics and multimodal foundation models; quantitative phenotyping of ILD and COPD; digital twin and metaverse medicine; medical GPT and intelligent decision support

Metaverse in Medicine
Monographic report
Open Access
Virtual-real symbiosis:digital reconstruction and governance optimization of the sports medicine education ecosystem driven by the metaverse
ZHAO Xiuhan
ZHAO Xiuhan
zhaoxiuhan@sdu.edu.cn
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
,
LIU Zongyu
LIU Zongyu
College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
,
NIU Haitao
NIU Haitao
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
2024,1(4):6-11
https://doi.org/10.61189/963251zxxtmk
Article Preview PDF CITE
Citation:ZHAO X H,LIU Z Y,NIU H T. Virtual-real symbiosis: digital reconstruction and governance optimization of the sports medicine education ecosystem driven by the metaverse[J]. Metaverse Med,2024,1(4):6-11.
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As an emerging technological paradigm, the metaverse is profoundly reshaping the ecology of medical education. Grounded in the context of sports medicine education, this study employs methods such as literature analysis and logical reasoning to examine the current state of metaverse development. From an ecological perspective, it investigates the digital reconstruction process of various elements in sports medicine education driven by the metaverse and explores the integrated cultivation path of virtual and reality. Furthermore, it proposes strategic recommendations for optimizing sports medicine education governance. The study suggests that under the metaverse context, the ecology of sports medicine education presents a new landscape featuring virtual-real symbiosis, science-education collaboration, and cross-border integration. Adhering to the concept of people-oriented and technology-empowered, it is essential to promote morphological reshaping, scenario innovation, and model transformation. This involves creating an immersive and interactive learning experience, building an open and shared knowledge network, and improving the collaborative innovation mechanism for talent cultivation. By promoting deep integration of theory and practice, teaching and research, and schools and hospitals, a high-quality sports medicine talent training system with international competitiveness can be established, injecting new momentum into the integrated development of sports and medicine.


Key Words: metaverse; sports medicine education; ecosystem; digital reconstruction; governance optimization

Metaverse in Medicine
Commentary
Open Access
Building the future of Alzheimer’s disease: an AI-driven metaverse from early diagnosis to personalized intervention
LIN Jixian
LIN Jixian
Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, Shanghia 201199
,
WANG Hua
WANG Hua
Department of Information, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, Shanghai 201199
,
TANG Luojia
TANG Luojia
tang.luojia@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032; President’s Office, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, Shanghai 201199
2025,2(3):11-18
https://doi.org/10.61189/061708adttmb
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LIN J X,WANG H,TANG L J. Building the future of Alzheimer’s disease: an AI-driven metaverse from early diagnosis to personalized intervention[J]. Metaverse Med,2025,2(3):11-18.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a major global public health crisis, faces multiple challenges including difficulties in early diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and heavy caregiving burdens. The deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and metaverse technologies offers innovative solutions for comprehensive AD management. Immersive environments combined with AI analytics enable early screening and risk stratification; digital twins and adaptive algorithms facilitate personalized digital interventions that may slow disease progression; while immersive simulation training provides efficient support for caregivers and healthcare professionals, enhancing care quality and decision-making capacity. The AI-driven metaverse will reshape AD diagnosis, treatment, and caregiving systems, opening new pathways to overcome current obstacles.


Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; metaverse; artificial intelligence; digital therapy; digital twin

Metaverse in Medicine
Monographic report
Open Access
My view on new quality productive forces in medicine
BAI Chunxue
BAI Chunxue
bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2024,1(3):3-10
https://doi.org/10.61189/145630jgnstt
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BAI C X. My view on new quality productive forces in medicine[J]. Metaverse Med,2024,1(3):3-10.

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Medical new quality productive forces (MNQPF) is a relatively new concept that refers to the ability to apply modern technological tools, especially emerging technologies like the internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and the metaverse, to improve the quality and efficiency of medical services. The core of this ability lies in innovation, including technological, managerial, and service innovation. This article reviews the technical foundations and current development status of MNQPF, points out the direction for its development, and aims to contribute to the construction of a modern medical system and the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.


Key Words: new quality productive forces in medicine; artificial intelligence; internet of thing

Metaverse in Medicine
Commentary
Open Access
Exploration and innovation of metaverse technology: metaverse in medicine
GUO Shixin
GUO Shixin
guosx0118@126.com
China Science and Technology Press, Beijing 100054, China
,
SUN Dawei
SUN Dawei
Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China; The second affiliated hospital of Tianjin university of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
2024,1(2):9-12
https://doi.org/10.61189/443129uoysjn
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GUO S X,SUN D W. Exploration and innovation of metaverse technology: metaverse in medicine[J]. Metaverse Med,2024,1(2):9-12.

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The support layer technology and the feasibility and potential value of metaverse in medicine are elaborated in this paper. Through the integration of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and other technologies, metaverse technology has made medical services more intelligent and personalized, bringing unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the medical field. We should fully leverage the innovative advantages of metaverse technology, seize opportunities and actively respond to challenges, to achieve sustainable development and application in the medical field, promote the improvement of medical services and innovation in medical education, and bring more welfare and progress to human health and medical cause.


Key Words: metaverse in medicine; virtual diagnosis; telemedicine; health data analysis; medical education

Metaverse in Medicine
Commentary
Open Access
Challenges and solutions for the development of medical GPTs
Bai Chunxue
Bai Chunxue
bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Respiratory IoT Medical Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; AI+Lung Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
2026,3(1):11-15
https://doi.org/10.61189/799037wwkyrc
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Bai C X. Challenges and solutions for the development of medical GPTs  [J]. Metaverse Med,2026,3(1):11-15.


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To systematically summarize the major challenges in developing medical GPT systems and, with reference to recent international reviews, evaluation frameworks, ethical and regulatory guidance, as well as Prof Chunxue Bai' s BAIMGPT White Paper, to outline practical solutions for translating large language models into clinically usable systems. Recent high-impact systematic reviews, methodological studies, real-world workflow evaluations, and governance guidance were synthesized to examine the main issues in medical GPT development, including factual reliability, knowledge updating, data governance, multimodal integration, workflow adaptation, explainability, bias, fairness, and accountability. Current evidence indicates that the bottlenecks of medical GPT go well beyond imperfect accuracy. Major challenges include hallucinations and factual inconsistency, limited ability to absorb newly updated medical knowledge, heterogeneous clinical data and unstable labels, insufficient support for multimodal decision-making, weak adaptation to real-world workflows, incomplete explainability and accountability, and concerns regarding bias, fairness, and ethics. Current LLMs remain sensitive to information order and quantity and are not ready for autonomous clinical decision-making. The mission of medical GPT development is not simply to improve language generation, but to transform large models into trustworthy medical intelligence systems with reliable knowledge, workflow compatibility, traceability, and governance readiness. At present, medical GPT should be positioned as a tool for cognitive augmentation and workflow support rather than a substitute for clinical judgment.


Key Words: BAIMGPT/medical GPT; large language model; clinical decision support; retrieval-augmented generation; data governance; human-AI collaboration; disease-specific agent; BAIMGPT

Metaverse in Medicine
Commentary
Open Access
Yesterday, today, and tomorrow of metaverse in medicine
BAI Chunxue
BAI Chunxue
bai.chunxue@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2024,1(1):3-12
https://doi.org/10.61189/254340fowzza
Article Preview PDF CITE
BAI C X. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow of metaverse in medicine[J]. Metaverse Med, 2024, 1(1):3-12.
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Metaverse in medicine is a promising field that combines advanced technologies, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and holographic projection, to provide new possibilities for medical research and treatment. Metaverse in medicine can be understood as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) carried over to a virtual interactive platform, as the devdopment history of IoMT reflects the birth of the metaverse in medicine. Since 2009, when the American Thoracic Society introduced my IoT lung function meter, until 2016, I have edited and published “Medical Internet of Things”, “Practical Medical Internet of Things” and “Manual of Medical Internet of Things graded diagnosis and treatment” successively, and co-edited “Health 4.0: How Virtualization and Big Data are Revolutionizing Healthcare” with Professor Christoph Thuemmler, during which gave birth to metaverse in medicine. Today’s metaverse in medicine can be traced back to the early applications of virtual reality and augmented reality technology, which were initially used in the military, gaming, and other fields, and then gradually introduced into the medical field in forms such as surgical simulation, anatomy education, and rehabilitation training. Nowadays, metaverse in medicine has been widely used in many fields, such as surgical navigation, telemedicine, image analysis, and rehabilitation therapy. A digital human GPT in medicine has been used in the evaluation and management of pulmonary nodules and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In February 2022, the International

Association for Metaverse in Medicine and the International Alliance for Metaverse in Medicine were founded and I have established an expert consensus on metaverse in medicine. In the future, the development prospects of metaverse in medicine will be even

broader. With today’s continuous technological innovations and breakthroughs, metaverse in medicine will enable more accurate, efficient, and personalized medical service. The metaverse in medicine may also be expanded to more fields, such as gene editing and drug development, to provide more comprehensive and in-depth support for medical research and treatment. Metaverse in medicine is full of potential and opportunities, and it will continue to promote the development of the medical field and make great contributions to human health.


Key Words: metaverse; metaverse in medicine; virtual reality; augmented reality; mixed reality; extended reality

Precision Nursing
Research Article
Open Access
Evidence-based care reduces lower-limb thrombosis and negative emotions while improving quality of life in post-hip arthroplasty patients
Haixia Du
Haixia Du
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China.
,
Xiaoyuan Tang
Xiaoyuan Tang
Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China.
,
Lihong Lu
Lihong Lu
84846785@qq.com
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China.
2025 July;1(2):40-45
https://doi.org/10.61189/778542ilzurb
Article Preview PDF CITE

Du HX, Tang XY, Lu LH. Evidence-based care reduces lower-limb thrombosis and negative emotions while improving quality of life in post-hip arthroplasty patients. Precis Nurs. 2025 July;1(2): 40-45. doi: 10.61189/778542ilzurb

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Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based care on lower-limb thrombosis and negative emotions following hip arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 108 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty at our hospital were randomly assigned to the observation group (n=54, evidence-based care) and the control group (n=54, conventional care). Postoperative complications, negative emotions, quality of life, activities of daily living, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group had a lower incidence of lower-limb thrombosis and overall complications, as well as higher patient satisfaction than the control group (all P<0.05). One month after discharge, patients in the observation group showed significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, and activities of daily living scale, but with increased Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 scores, compared with before intervention (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based care significantly relieves anxiety and depression, reduces the incidence of lower-limb thrombosis, and improves quality of life in patients after hip arthroplasty.
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