A review of low thermal damage technologies in electrosurgery-ZENTIME PUBLISHING CORPORATION LIMITED

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A review of low thermal damage technologies in electrosurgery

Yuxiang Luo, Yong Wang, Jiuzhou Zhao, Xiangzhou Meng, Yanan Hou, Yao Zheng, Yu Zhou

School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Address correspondence to: Yu Zhou, School of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China. Tel: +86-18021042556. E-mail: zhouyu@usst.edu.cn.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61189/880658qzgyhf

Received April 21, 2025; Accepted August 8, 2025; Published December 31, 2025

Highlights

● Comprehensive Technology Review-It systematically compares three major techniques for reducing thermal damage in electrosurgery.

● Balanced Evaluation Framework-Each method is evaluated across multiple dimensions, including effectiveness, applicability, complexity, and cost.

● Forward-Looking Insight-It discusses future trends such as AI integration and the development of advanced materials for smarter surgical systems.

Abstract

Electrosurgery is widely applied for precise tissue cutting and coagulation through high-frequency electrical energy, yet it carries the risk of collateral thermal injury. This review examines emerging strategies to mitigate such damage, including cooling systems, real-time temperature monitoring, pulsed cutting, and laser- or ultrasoundassisted techniques. By improving temperature regulation, enhancing feedback accuracy, and enabling adaptive power control, these innovations reduce heat diffusion and tissue charring, thereby enhancing surgical safety and outcomes.

Keywords: Electrosurgery, thermal damage, adaptive control

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